Building a smaller, lighter future: Understanding polymer behaviors below 1 nanometer

13-Oct-2010 - Japan

Knowing how to build nanosized assemblies of polymers (long molecular chains) holds the key to improving a broad range of industrial processes, from the production of nanofibers, filters, and new materials to the manufacture of low-energy, nanoscale circuits and devices. A recent paper in Nature Communications sheds light on key behaviors of polymers in specially engineered confined spaces, opening the door to a level of control that has previously been impossible.

Scientists in Japan at Kyoto University and Nagoya University have succeeded in manufacturing custom-designed sub-nanometer scale channels, or pores, which can be manipulated to trap polymers and allow researchers to observe how these chains respond to temperature changes. Previously this level of observation was not possible, and hence much about polymer behaviors in subnanometer spaces -- in particular thermal transitions -- was unknown.

The technique uses specially designed substances known as porous coordination polymers (PCPs), which are notable for the high-degree to which their pore sizes and other characteristics can be controlled.

"PCPs allow us to design cages in which to trap specific molecules," explains lead scientist Dr. Takashi Uemura of Kyoto University's Graduate School of Engineering. "In this case, polyethylene glycol molecules -- PEGs -- can be accommodated in the cages similarly to the way in which sea eels hide in holes. In open water there is no order to their swimming. But in cylindrical pipes, they prefer to arrange themselves linearly in groups. Polymer chains do this as well, becoming orderly assembled in the PCP channels."

In this case, the PCP channels were precisely tuned to control their size and inner surface characteristics, allowing the research team to directly observe how the polymers behaved. This led to the unexpected finding that the transition temperature -- in this case, melting point -- of confined PEGs decreased as their molecular weight -- length in this instance -- increased.

"This was exactly the opposite of what we had observed in bulk, that is, 'free' PEG," elaborates Dr. Susumu Kitagawa, deputy director of Kyoto University's Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS). "We believe this to be the result of destabilization of the PEG chains under confinement. Instability increases together with chain length."

Understanding such minute details of the behaviors of nanoconfined polymers gives rise to the possibility of future breakthroughs in nanoscale manufacturing based on assemblies of small numbers of polymer chains, which may in turn be used to fabricate a wide range of new materials.

Original publication: Takashi Uemura, Nobuhiro Yanai, Satoshi Watanabe, Hideki Tanaka, Ryohei Numaguchi, Minoru T. Miyahara, Yusuke Ohta, Masataka Nagaoka, and Susumu Kitagawa; "Unveiling thermal transitions of polymers in subnanometre pores"; Nature Communications, October 5, 2010

Other news from the department science

These products might interest you

FIBRETHERM

FIBRETHERM by C. Gerhardt

Automatic Fibre Extraction for Feed Analysis

FIBRETHERM from C. Gerhardt: Efficient – Precise – Method-Compliant

fibre analyzers
Mini-UniPrep™

Mini-UniPrep™ by Cytiva

Improved HPLC Sample Preparation

Save 66 % sample preparation time and reduce costs by 40 %

Glass and quartz microfiber filter

Glass and quartz microfiber filter by Cytiva

Request a glass microfiber sample pack to meet your battery development needs

Delivering efficient and consistent results

filter materials
GF/C and 934-AH RTU (Environmental)

GF/C and 934-AH RTU (Environmental) by Cytiva

Meet wastewater regulations with the right filter

Streamline lab operations and ensure high-quality results

filters
VICI Jour Katalog 15INT

VICI Jour Katalog 15INT by VICI

The VICI Jour Catalog - Accessories for (U)HPLC and Liquid Handling

Capillaries, Tubing, Fittings, Filters, Safety-Products, Tools and much more

chromatography accessories
Hahnemühle LifeScience Catalogue Industry & Laboratory

Hahnemühle LifeScience Catalogue Industry & Laboratory by Hahnemühle

Wide variety of Filter Papers for all Laboratory and Industrial Applications

Filtration Solutions in the Life Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sectors

Whatman filtration product guide

Whatman filtration product guide by Cytiva

New filtration catalog - a wealth of information on 286 pages

Discover the perfect filters for your laboratory application

filters
Loading...

More news from our other portals

All FT-IR spectrometer manufacturers at a glance