A zinc finger protein is a DNA-binding protein domain comprised of zinc fingers ranging from two in the Drosophila regulator ADR1, the more common three in mammalian Sp1 up to nine in TFIIIA. They occur in nature as the part of transcription factors conferring DNA sequence specificity as the DNA-binding domain.
Additional recommended knowledge
They have also found use in protein engineering due to their modularity and have prospects as components of tools for use in therapeutic gene modulation[1] and zinc finger nucleases.[2]
References
- ^ Gommans, W. M., H. J. Haisma and M. G. Rots (2005). "Engineering zinc finger protein transcription factors: the therapeutic relevance of switching endogenous gene expression on or off at command." Journal of Molecular Biology 354(3): 507-19.
- ^ Durai S, Mani M, Kandavelou K, Wu J, Porteus M, Chandrasegaran S (2005). "Zinc finger nucleases: custom-designed molecular scissors for genome engineering of plant and mammalian cells". Nucleic Acids Res 33 (18): 5978-90. PMID 16251401.
See also
- Zinc finger nuclease
- Zinc finger inhibitor
- Zinc finger
- DNA-binding domains
Transcription factors and intracellular receptors |
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(1) Basic domains |
(1.1) Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) |
Activating transcription factor (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) • AP-1 (c-Fos, FOSB, FOSL1, FOSL2, c-Jun, JUNB, JUND) • BACH (1, 2) • C/EBP (α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ) • CREB (1, 3) • GABPA • MAF (B, F, G, K) • NRL • NRF1 • XBP1 |
(1.2) Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) |
ATOH1 • AhR • AHRR • ARNT • ASCL1 • BMAL (ARNTL, ARNTL2) • CLOCK • HIF (1A, 3A) • Myogenic regulatory factors (MyoD, Myogenin, MYF5, MYF6) • NEUROD1 • Twist • USF1 |
(1.3) bHLH-ZIP |
Myc • MITF • SREBP (1, 2) |
(1.6) Basic helix-span-helix (bHSH) |
AP-2 |
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(2) Zinc finger DNA-binding domains |
(2.1) Nuclear receptor (Cys4) |
subfamily 1 (Thyroid hormone (α, β), CAR, FXR, LXR (α, β), PPAR (α, β/δ, γ), PXR, RAR (α, β, γ), ROR (α, β, γ), Rev-ErbA (α, β), VDR) • subfamily 2 (COUP-TF (I, II), Ear-2, HNF4 (α, γ), PNR, RXR (α, β, γ), Testicular receptor (2, 4), TLX) • subfamily 3 (Steroid hormone (Estrogen (α, β), Estrogen related (α, β, γ), Androgen, Glucocorticoid, Mineralocorticoid, Progesterone)) • subfamily 4 NUR (NGFIB, NOR1, NURR1) • subfamily 5 (LRH-1, SF1) • subfamily 6 (GCNF) • subfamily 0 (DAX1, SHP) |
(2.2) Other Cys4 |
GATA (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) |
(2.3) Cys2His2 |
General transcription factors (TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, TFIIH: 1, 2) • GLI-Krüppel family (1, 2, 3, YY1) • KLF (2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13) • Sp1 • zinc finger (3, 35, 43, 146, 148, 165, 217, 268, 281, 350) • Zbtb7 (7A) • ZBT (16, 17, 33) |
(2.4) Cys6 |
HIVEP1 |
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(3) Helix-turn-helix domains |
(3.1) Homeo domain |
ARX • Homeobox (A1, A3, A4, A5, A7, A9, A10, A11, A13, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, B13, C4, C6, C8, C9, C13, D1, D3, D4, D9, D10, D11, D12, D13) • NANOG • NKX (2-1, 2-5, 3-1) • POU domain (PIT-1, BRN-3: 1, 2, Octamer transcription factor: 1, 2, 3/4, 6, 7) |
(3.2) Paired box |
PAX (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) |
(3.3) Fork head / winged helix |
E2F (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) • FOX proteins (C1, C2, E1, G1, H1, L2, M1, N3, O3, O4, P1, P2, P3) |
(3.4) Heat Shock Factors |
HSF1 |
(3.5) Tryptophan clusters |
ELF (4, 5) • Interferon regulatory factors (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) • MYB |
(3.6) TEA domain |
transcriptional enhancer factor 1, 2 |
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(4) β-Scaffold factors with minor groove contacts |
(4.1) Rel homology region |
NF-κB (NFKB1, NFKB2, REL, RELA, RELB) • NFAT (5, C1, C2, C3, C4) |
(4.2) STAT |
STAT (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) |
(4.3) p53 |
p53 |
(4.4) MADS box |
Mef2 (A, B, C, D) • SRF |
(4.7) High mobility group |
HNF (1A, 1B) • LEF1 • SOX (3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 13, 18) • SRY • SSRP1 |
(4.10) Cold-shock domain |
CSDA |
(4.11) Runt |
CBF (RUNX1, RUNX2, RUNX3) |
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(0) Other transcription factors |
(0.2) HMGI(Y) |
HMGA (1, 2) |
(0.3) Pocket domain |
Rb • RBL1 • RBL2 |
(0.6) Miscellaneous |
ARID (1A, 1B, 2, 3A, 3B, 4A) • CAP • Rho/Sigma • R-SMAD |
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