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Toll (gene)The Toll genes encode members of the Toll-like receptor class of proteins. ("Toll" is German for "amazing" or "mad".)[1] Toll genes were originally identified in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster in 1985, [2] , and cloned in 1988.[3] Since then, eleven known mammalian Toll genes have been identified. Additional recommended knowledgeIn flies, Toll was first identified as a gene important in embryogenesis in establishing the dorsal-ventral axis. In 1996, Toll was found to have a role in the fly's immunity to fungal infections. Both mammalian and invertebrate Toll genes are required for innate immunity. Toll-like receptors in mammals were identified in 1997 at Yale University by Ruslan Medzhitov and Charles Janeway.[4] Their name derives from Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard's 1985 exclamation, "Das war ja toll!"[2] References
Categories: Signal transduction | Toll-like receptors |
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Toll_(gene)". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia. |