Thermal expansion coefficients of the elements (data page)
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Thermal expansion
| | ×10-6 m · m−1 · K−1
|
| 3 Li lithium
|
| use | 46
|
| CRC | 46
|
| LNG | 46
|
| WEL | 46
|
| 4 Be beryllium
|
| use | 11.3
|
| CRC | 11.3
|
| LNG | 11.3
|
| WEL | 11.3
|
| 5 B boron
|
| use | 5–7
|
| LNG | 5–7
|
| WEL | 6
|
| 6 C carbon
|
| use |
|
| WEL | 7.1
|
| 11 Na sodium
|
| use | 71
|
| CRC | 71
|
| LNG | 71
|
| WEL | 71
|
| 12 Mg magnesium
|
| use | 24.8
|
| CRC | 24.8
|
| LNG | 24.8
|
| WEL | 8.2
|
| 13 Al aluminium
|
| use | 23.1
|
| CRC | 23.1
|
| LNG | 23.1
|
| WEL | 23.1
|
| 14 Si silicon
|
| use | 2.6
|
| WEL | 2.6
|
| 19 K potassium
|
| use | 83.3
|
| CRC | 83.3
|
| 20 Ca calcium
|
| use | 22.3
|
| CRC | 22.3
|
| LNG | 22.3
|
| WEL | 22.3
|
| 21 Sc scandium
|
| use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.2
|
| CRC | 10.2
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 7.6
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 15.3
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.2
|
| LNG | 10.2
|
| WEL | 10.2
|
| 22 Ti titanium
|
| use | 8.6
|
| CRC | 8.6
|
| LNG | 8.6
|
| WEL | 8.6
|
| 23 V vanadium
|
| use | 8.4
|
| CRC | 8.4
|
| LNG | 8.4
|
| WEL | 8.4
|
| 24 Cr chromium
|
| use | 4.9
|
| CRC | 4.9
|
| LNG | 4.9
|
| WEL | 4.9
|
| 25 Mn manganese
|
| use | 21.7
|
| CRC | 21.7
|
| LNG | 21.7
|
| WEL | 21.7
|
| 26 Fe iron
|
| use | 11.8
|
| CRC | 11.8
|
| LNG | 11.8
|
| WEL | 11.8
|
| 27 Co cobalt
|
| use | 13.0
|
| CRC | 13.0
|
| LNG | 13.0
|
| WEL | 13.0
|
| 28 Ni nickel
|
| use | 13.4
|
| CRC | 13.4
|
| LNG | 13.4
|
| WEL | 13.4
|
| 29 Cu copper
|
| use | 16.5
|
| CRC | 16.5
|
| LNG | 16.5
|
| WEL | 16.5
|
| 30 Zn zinc
|
| use | 30.2
|
| CRC | 30.2
|
| LNG | 30.2
|
| WEL | 30.2
|
| 31 Ga gallium
|
| use |
|
| CRC | 18
|
| LNG | 120
|
| WEL | 120
|
| 32 Ge germanium
|
| use | 6.0
|
| LNG | 6.0
|
| WEL | 6
|
| 34 Se selenium
|
| use | (amorphous) 37
|
| LNG | (amorphous) 37
|
| 38 Sr strontium
|
| use | 22.5
|
| CRC | 22.5
|
| LNG | 22.5
|
| WEL | 22.5
|
| 39 Y yttrium
|
| use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.6
|
| CRC | 10.6
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 6.0
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 19.7
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.6
|
| LNG | 10.6
|
| WEL | 10.6
|
| 40 Zr zirconium
|
| use | 5.7
|
| CRC | 5.7
|
| LNG | 5.7
|
| WEL | 5.7
|
| 41 Nb niobium
|
| use | 7.3
|
| CRC | 7.3
|
| LNG | 7.3
|
| WEL | 7.3
|
| 42 Mo molybdenum
|
| use | 4.8
|
| CRC | 4.8
|
| LNG | 4.8
|
| WEL | 4.8
|
| 44 Ru ruthenium
|
| use | 6.4
|
| CRC | 6.4
|
| LNG | 6.4
|
| WEL | 6.4
|
| 45 Rh rhodium
|
| use | 8.2
|
| CRC | 8.2
|
| LNG | 8.2
|
| WEL | 8.2
|
| 46 Pd palladium
|
| use | 11.8
|
| CRC | 11.8
|
| LNG | 11.8
|
| WEL | 11.8
|
| 47 Ag silver
|
| use | 18.9
|
| CRC | 18.9
|
| LNG | 18.9
|
| WEL | 18.9
|
| 48 Cd cadmium
|
| use | 30.8
|
| CRC | 30.8
|
| LNG | 30.8
|
| WEL | 30.8
|
| 49 In indium
|
| use | 32.1
|
| CRC | 32.1
|
| LNG | 32.1
|
| WEL | 32.1
|
| 50 Sn tin
|
| use | 22.0
|
| CRC | 22.0
|
| LNG | 22.0
|
| WEL | 22
|
| 51 Sb antimony
|
| use | 11.0
|
| CRC | 11.0
|
| LNG | 11.0
|
| WEL | 11
|
| 55 Cs caesium
|
| use | 97
|
| CRC | 97
|
| 56 Ba barium
|
| use | 20.6
|
| CRC | 20.6
|
| LNG | 20.6
|
| WEL | 20.6
|
| 57 La lanthanum
|
| use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 12.1
|
| CRC | 12.1
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 4.5
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 27.2
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 12.1
|
| LNG | 12.1
|
| WEL | 12.1
|
| 58 Ce cerium
|
| use | (room temperature) (gamma, polycrystalline) 6.3
|
| CRC | 6.3
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (gamma, amorphous) 6.3
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (gamma, polycrystalline) 6.3
|
| LNG | 6.3
|
| WEL | 6.3
|
| 59 Pr praseodymium
|
| use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 6.7
|
| CRC | 6.7
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 4.5
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 11.2
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 6.7
|
| LNG | 6.7
|
| WEL | 6.7
|
| 60 Nd neodymium
|
| use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.6
|
| CRC | 9.6
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 7.6
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 13.5
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.6
|
| LNG | 9.6
|
| WEL | 9.6
|
| 61 Pm promethium
|
| use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) est. 11
|
| CRC | est. 11
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) est. 9
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) est. 16
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) est. 11
|
| LNG | est. 11
|
| WEL | 11
|
| 62 Sm samarium
|
| use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 12.7
|
| CRC | 12.7
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 9.6
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 19.0
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 12.7
|
| LNG | 12.7
|
| WEL | 12.7
|
| 63 Eu europium
|
| use | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 35.0
|
| CRC | 35.0
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (amorphous) 35.0
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 35.0
|
| LNG | 35.0
|
| WEL | 35
|
| 64 Gd gadolinium
|
| use | (100 °C) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.4
|
| CRC | (100 °C) 9.4
|
| CR2 | (100 °C) (alpha, amorphous) 9.1
|
| CR2 | (100 °C) (alpha, crystalline) 10.0
|
| CR2 | (100 °C) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.4
|
| LNG | (100 °C) 9.4
|
| WEL | 9.4
|
| 65 Tb terbium
|
| use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.3
|
| CRC | 10.3
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 9.3
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 12.4
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.3
|
| LNG | 10.3
|
| WEL | 10.3
|
| 66 Dy dysprosium
|
| use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.9
|
| CRC | 9.9
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 7.1
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 15.6
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.9
|
| LNG | 9.9
|
| WEL | 9.9
|
| 67 Ho holmium
|
| use | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 11.2
|
| CRC | 11.2
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (amorphous) 7.0
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (crystalline) 19.5
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 11.2
|
| LNG | 11.2
|
| WEL | 11.2
|
| 68 Er erbium
|
| use | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 12.2
|
| CRC | 12.2
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (amorphous) 7.9
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (crystalline) 20.9
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 12.2
|
| LNG | 12.2
|
| WEL | 12.2
|
| 69 Tm thulium
|
| use | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 13.3
|
| CRC | 13.3
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (amorphous) 8.8
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (crystalline) 22.2
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 13.3
|
| LNG | 13.3
|
| WEL | 13.3
|
| 70 Yb ytterbium
|
| use | (room temperature) (beta, polycrystalline) 26.3
|
| CRC | 26.3
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (beta, amorphous) 26.3
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (beta, polycrystalline) 26.3
|
| LNG | 26.3
|
| WEL | 26.3
|
| 71 Lu lutetium
|
| use | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 9.9
|
| CRC | 9.9
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (amorphous) 4.8
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (crystalline) 20.0
|
| CR2 | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 9.9
|
| LNG | 9.9
|
| WEL | 9.9
|
| 72 Hf hafnium
|
| use | 5.9
|
| CRC | 5.9
|
| LNG | 5.9
|
| WEL | 5.9
|
| 73 Ta tantalum
|
| use | 6.3
|
| CRC | 6.3
|
| LNG | 6.3
|
| WEL | 6.3
|
| 74 W tungsten
|
| use | 4.5
|
| CRC | 4.5
|
| LNG | 4.5
|
| WEL | 4.5
|
| 75 Re rhenium
|
| use | 6.2
|
| CRC | 6.2
|
| LNG | 6.2
|
| WEL | 6.2
|
| 76 Os osmium
|
| use | 5.1
|
| CRC | 5.1
|
| LNG | 5.1
|
| WEL | 5.1
|
| 77 Ir iridium
|
| use | 6.4
|
| CRC | 6.4
|
| LNG | 6.4
|
| WEL | 6.4
|
| 78 Pt platinum
|
| use | 8.8
|
| CRC | 8.8
|
| LNG | 8.8
|
| WEL | 8.8
|
| 79 Au gold
|
| use | 14.2
|
| CRC | 14.2
|
| LNG | 14.2
|
| WEL | 14.2
|
| 80 Hg mercury
|
| use | 60.4
|
| CRC | 60.4
|
| 81 Tl thallium
|
| use | 29.9
|
| CRC | 29.9
|
| LNG | 29.9
|
| WEL | 29.9
|
| 82 Pb lead
|
| use | 28.9
|
| CRC | 28.9
|
| LNG | 28.9
|
| WEL | 28.9
|
| 83 Bi bismuth
|
| use | 13.4
|
| CRC | 13.4
|
| LNG | 13.4
|
| WEL | 13.4
|
| 84 Po polonium
|
| use | 23.5
|
| CRC | 23.5
|
| 90 Th thorium
|
| use | 11.0
|
| CRC | 11.0
|
| LNG | 11.1
|
| WEL | 11.0
|
| 92 U uranium
|
| use | 13.9
|
| CRC | 13.9
|
| LNG | 13.9
|
| WEL | 13.9
|
| 94 Pu plutonium
|
| use | 46.7
|
| CRC | 46.7
|
| LNG | 46.7
|
Notes
All values refer to 25 °C unless noted.
References
CRC
As quoted from this source in an online version of: David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 12, Properties of Solids; Thermal and Physical Properties of Pure Metals
- Touloukian, Y. S., Thermophysical Properties of Matter, Vol. 12, Thermal Expansion, IFI/Plenum, New York, 1975.
CR2
As quoted in an online version of:
- David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 4, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds; Physical Properties of the Rare Earth Metals
which further refers to:
- Beaudry, B. J. and Gschneidner, K.A., Jr., in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. and Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1978, 173.
- McEwen, K.A., in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. and Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1978, 411.
LNG
As quoted from this source in an online version of: J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 4; Table 4.1, Electronic Configuration and Properties of the Elements
- Touloukian, Y. S., Thermophysical Properties of Matter, Vol. 12, Thermal Expansion, Plenum, New York, 1975.
WEL
As quoted at http://www.webelements.com/ from these sources:
- D.R. Lide, (Ed.) in Chemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry and physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 79th edition, 1998.
- A.M. James and M.P. Lord in Macmillan's Chemical and Physical Data, Macmillan, London, UK, 1992.
- G.W.C. Kaye and T. H. Laby in Tables of physical and chemical constants, Longman, London, UK, 15th edition, 1993.
- J.A. Dean (ed) in Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, 14th edition, 1992.
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