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Substitution reaction



In a substitution reaction, a functional group in a particular chemical compound is replaced by another group.

In organic chemistry, the electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution reactions are of prime importance. Organic substitution reactions are classified in several main organic reaction types depending on whether the reagent that brings about the substitution is considered an electrophile or a nucleophile, whether a reactive intermediate involved in the reaction is a carbocation, a carbanion or a free radical or whether the substrate is aliphatic or aromatic. Detailed understanding of a reaction type helps to predict the product outcome in a reaction. It also is helpful for optimizing a reaction with regard to variables such as temperature and choice of solvent.

Contents

Nucleophilic substitutions

Electrophilic substitutions

Radical substitutions

A radical substitution reaction involves radicals.

Substituted compounds

Substituted compounds are chemical compounds where one or more hydrogen atoms of a core structure have been replaced with a functional group like alkyl, hydroxy, or halogen.

For example benzene is a simple aromatic ring and substituted benzenes are a heterogeneous group of chemicals with a wide spectrum of uses and properties:

 
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Substitution_reaction". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.
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