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Solar desalinationSolar desalination is the desalination of water using solar energy. Solar desalination in the modern era extends back to the early 1950's when simple solar stills were studied for remote desert and coastal communities[1]. The cheap availability of water pumps and pipelines and declining energy costs in the 20th century, ensured these were not competitive for community-scale projects. Additional recommended knowledgeHDH - Solar Humidification/DehumidificationThe Multiple Effect Humidification / Dehumidification process, in some applications also called Solar Multistage Condensation Evaporation Cycle (SMCEC) or Multiple Effect Humidification (MEH) [2] - is a technique for thermal solar desalination using natural convection in a vertical chimney. It uses a natural chimney effect to draw the outgoing heated water vapour past condenser plates (through which the incoming water runs), thereby pre-heating the incoming water and increasing the overall system efficiency. The HDH-Process is an example for a Solar Humidification-Dehumidification process (comp. Solar Humidification). ProblemsThere are two inherent design problems facing any solar desalination project. Firstly, the system's efficiency is governed by preferably high heat and mass transfer during evaporation and condensation. The surfaces have to be properly designed within the contradictory objectives of heat transfer efficiency, economy and reliability. This is the content of the present research work in this field. Secondly, the heat of condensation is valuable. It takes large amounts of solar energy to evaporate water and generate saturated, vapor-laden hot air. This energy is, by definition, transferred to the condenser's surface during condensation. With most forms of solar still, this heat of condensation is ejected from the system as waste heat. The challenge still existing in the field today, is to achieve
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Categories: Water treatment | Water technology |
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Solar_desalination". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia. |