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Rhizoxin
Rhizoxin is an antimitotic agent with anti-tumor activity.[1][2] It is isolated from a pathogenic plant fungus (Rhizopus microsporus) which causes rice seedling blight. Additional recommended knowledge
BiosynthesisRhizoxin is biosynthesised by Burkholderia rhizoxina, an endosymbiotic bacteria of the fungus Rhizopus microsporus.[3] It is one of a large group of rhizoxin-like compounds produced by the bacteria.[4] The bacterial endosymbiote can be grown independently in culture. This may allow easy harvesting of rhizoxin and the related compounds avoiding total chemical synthesis, although total chemical synthesis is possible[5]. Cytotoxic functionRhizoxin binds beta tubulin in eukaryotic cells disrupting microtubule formation. This, in turn, prevents formation of the mitotic spindle inhibiting cell division. Additionally rhizoxin can depolymerise assembled microtubules.[6] The function of rhizoxin is similar to Vinca alkaloids. Rhizoxin has undergone clinical trials as an anti-cancer drug[7] although, unfortunately, did not reach later stages of clinical trials due to low activity in vivo. Related compounds to rhizoxin may have improved biological activity.[4] StructureRhizoxin is a 16-member lactone ring connected to an oxazole ring by a long unsaturated chain.[8] References
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Rhizoxin". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia. |