Quinupristin/dalfopristin

Quinupristin/dalfopristin
Systematic (IUPAC) name
quinupristine N-[(6R,9S,10R,13S,15aS,18R,22S,24aS)-22- [p-(dimethylamino)benzyl]-6-ethyldocosahydro- 10,23-dimethyl-5,8,12,15,17,21,24-heptaoxo-13-phenyl-18- [["(3S)-3-quinuclidinylthio]methyl]- 12H-pyrido[2,1-f]pyrrolo-[2,1-l][1,4,7,10,13,16] oxapentaazacyclononadecin-9-yl]-3-hydroxypicolinamide dalfopristin (3R,4R,5E,10E,12E,14S,26R,26aS)-26- [[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]sulfonyl]-8,9,14,15,24,25,26,26a- octahydro-14-hydroxy-3- isopropyl-4,12-dimethyl-3H-21,18-nitrilo-1H,22H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,8,4,19]- dioxadiazacyclotetracosine-1,7,16,22(4H,17H)-tetrone
Identifiers
CAS number	120138-50-3 112362-50-2
ATC code	J01FG02
PubChem	6435782
Chemical data
Formula	quinupristin C53H67N9O10S1 dalfopristin C34H50N4O9S
Mol. mass	quinupristin 1022.24 g/mol dalfopristin 690.85 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	?
Protein binding	moderate
Metabolism	?
Half life	quinupristin 3.1 hours dalfopristin 1 hour
Excretion	75% fecal, 15-19% urinary
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	B (U.S.)
Legal status	℞-only (U.S.)
Routes	IV

Quinupristin/dalfopristin (Synercid®) is a combination of two antibiotics used to treat infections by staphylococci and by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. It is not effective against Enterococcus faecalis infections.

Quinupristin and dalfopristin are both streptogramin antibiotics, derived from pristinamycin. Quinupristin is derived from pristinamycin I; dalfopristin from pristinamycin IIA. They are combined in a weight-to-weight ratio of 30% quinupristin to 70% dalfopristin.

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Administration

Intravenous, usually 7.5 mg/kg every 8-12 hours

Mechanism of action

Dalfopristin inhibits the early phase of protein synthesis in the bacterial ribosome and quinupristin inhibits the late phase of protein synthesis. The combination of the two components acts synergistically and is more effective in vitro than each component alone.

Pharmacokinetics

Clearance by the liver, half-life 1-3 hours (with persistence of effects for 9-10 hours).

Side effects

Joint or muscle aches
Nausea, diarrhea or vomiting
Rash or itching
Headache

References

Allington DR, Rivey MP., "Quinupristin/dalfopristin: a therapeutic review.", Clin Ther. 2001 Jan;23(1):24-44. PMID 11219478.
Lamb HM, Figgitt DP, Faulds D., "Quinupristin/dalfopristin: a review of its use in the management of serious gram-positive infections.", Drugs. 1999 Dec;58(6):1061-97. PMID 10651391.
Manzella JP., "Quinupristin-dalfopristin: a new antibiotic for severe gram-positive infections.", Am Fam Physician. 2001 Dec 1;64(11):1863-6. PMID 11764864.
Paradisi F, Corti G, Messeri D., "Antistaphylococcal (MSSA, MRSA, MSSE, MRSE) antibiotics.", Med Clin North Am. 2001 Jan;85(1):1-17. PMID 11190346.
http://www.fda.gov/cder/consumerinfo/druginfo/SYNERCID.HTM

v • d • e Antibacterials for systemic use: macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins (J01F)
Macrolides	Erythromycin - Spiramycin - Midecamycin - Oleandomycin - Roxithromycin - Josamycin - Troleandomycin - Clarithromycin - Azithromycin - Miocamycin - Rokitamycin - Dirithromycin - Flurithromycin - Telithromycin
Lincosamides	Clindamycin - Lincomycin
Streptogramins	Pristinamycin - Quinupristin/dalfopristin

Category: Combination antibiotics

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Quinupristin/dalfopristin". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.