Psychedelic Plants are plants that contain psychedelic drugs. Some of them have been used for thousands of years for religious purposes.
Additional recommended knowledge
Cannabis
Main article: Cannabis
Cannabis (Marijuana) is a popular and unique psychedelic plant. Cannabis is also unique because it contains a psychedelic substance, THC, that contains no nitrogen and is not an indole, phenethylamine, anticholinergic (deliriant), or a disassociative drug. It is the weakest of the psychedelics but can produce vivid illusions at higher doses, similar to a low dose of a classic psychedelic such as psilocybin, or also a low dose of LSD. Currently, certain universities and research firms are studying the medicinal effects of cannabis. Many US states such as California and many countries have created a Medical Cannabis law to allow patients to use cannabis as (among other things) a pain killer and appetite stimulant.
Plants containing psychedelic tryptamines
Many of the psychedelic plants contain DMT, which is either snorted (Virola, Yopo snuffs), smoked, or drunk with MAOIs (Ayahuasca). It can not simply be eaten, and it needs to be extremely concentrated to be smokable, since the user needs to smoke all of it in a minute or else tolerance builds rapidly.
Acanthaceae:
- Justicia pectoralis, DMT in leaves[1]
Aizoaceae:
| Delosperma acuminatum | DMT, 5-MEO-DMT[2]
|
| Delosperma cooperi | DMT, 5-MEO-DMT[2]
|
| Delosperma ecklonis | DMT[2]
|
| Delosperma esterhuyseniae | DMT[2]
|
| Delosperma hallii | 5-MEO-DMT[2]
|
| Delosperma harazianum | DMT, 5-MEO-DMT[2]
|
Delosperma harazianum
Shibam | DMT[2]
|
| Delosperma hirtum | DMT[2]
|
Delosperma hallii
aff. litorale
|
| Delosperma lydenbergense | DMT, 5-MEO-DMT[2]
|
| Delosperma nubigenum | 5-MEO-DMT[2]
|
| Delosperma pageanum | DMT, 5-MEO-DMT[2]
|
| Delosperma pergamentaceum | Traces of DMT[2]
|
| Delosperma tradescantioides | DMT[2]
|
Apocynaceae:
- Voacanga africana: Iboga alkaloids
Fabaceae family (Leguminosae):
Caesalpinioideae (subfamily of Fabaceae) :
- Petalostylis cassioides: 0.4-0.5% tryptamine, DMT, etc. in leaves and stems[3]
- Petalostylis labicheoides, Tryptamines in leaves and stems, MAO's up to 0.5%[4]
| Acacia acuminata | Up to 1.5% alkaloids, mainly consisting of tryptamine in leaf[5]
|
| Acacia adunca | β-methyl-phenethylamine, 2.4% in leaves[6]
|
| Acacia alpina | Active principles in leaf[7]
|
| Acacia aneura | Psychoactive.[8][9] Ash used in Pituri.[10] Ether extracts about 2-6% of the dried leaf mass.[11]
|
| Acacia angustifolia | Psychoactive,[8] Tryptamines
|
| Acacia angustissima | β-methyl-phenethylamine[12], NMT and DMT in leaf (1.1-10.2 ppm)[13]
|
| Acacia aroma | Tryptamine alkaloids.[14] Significant amount of tryptamine in the seeds.[15]
|
| Acacia auriculiformis | 5-MeO-DMT in stem bark[16]
|
| Acacia baileyana
| 0.02% tryptamine and β-carbolines, in the leaf, Tetrahydroharman[7][17][18]
|
| Acacia beauverdiana | Psychoactive[19] Ash used in Pituri.[10]
|
| Acacia berlandieri | DMT, amphetamines, mescaline, nicotine[20]
|
| Acacia catechu | DMT[2] and other tryptamines in leaf, bark
|
| Acacia caven | Psychoactive[8]
|
| Acacia chundra | DMT and other tryptamines in leaf, bark
|
| Acacia colei | DMT[21]
|
| Acacia complanata | 0.3% alkaloids in leaf and stem, almost all N-methyl-tetrahydroharman, with traces of tetrahydroharman, some of tryptamine[22][23][24]
|
| Acacia concinna | Nicotine[25]
|
| Acacia confusa | DMT & NMT in leaf, stem & bark 0.04% NMT and 0.02% DMT in stem.[7] Also N,N-dimethyltryptamine N-oxide[26]
|
| Acacia constricta | β-methyl-phenethylamine[12]
|
| Acacia coriacea | Psychoactive[8][9] Ash used in Pituri.[10]
|
| Acacia cornigera | Psychoactive,[8] Tryptamines[27]
|
| Acacia cultriformis | Tryptamine, in the leaf, stem[7] and seeds.[15] Phenethylamine in leaf and seeds[15]
|
| Acacia cuthbertsonii | Psychoactive[19]
|
| Acacia decurrens | Psychoactive,[8] but less than 0.02% alkaloids[18]
|
| Acacia delibrata | Psychoactive[19]
|
| Acacia falcata | Psychoactive,[19] but less than 0.02% alkaloids[18]
|
| Acacia farnesiana | Traces of 5-MeO-DMT[28] in fruit. β-methyl-phenethylamine, flower.[29] Ether extracts about 2-6% of the dried leaf mass.[30] Alkaloids are present in the bark[31] and leaves.[32] Amphetamines and mescaline also found in tree.[27]
|
| Acacia filiciana | Psychoactive[8]
|
| Acacia floribunda | Tryptamine, phenethylamine,[33] in flowers[15] other tryptamines,[34] phenethylamines[35]
|
| Acacia georginae | Psychoactive,[8] plus deadly toxins
|
| Acacia greggii | N-methyl-β-phenethylamine,[12] phenethylamine[36]
|
| Acacia harpophylla | Phenethylamine, hordenine at a ratio of 2:3 in dried leaves, 0.6% total[6]
|
| Acacia holoserica | Hordenine, 1.2% in bark[6]
|
| Acacia horrida | Psychoactive[8]
|
| Acacia implexa | Psychoactive[37]
|
| Acacia jurema | DMT, NMT
|
| Acacia karroo | Psychoactive
|
| Acacia kempeana | Psychoactive[8][9]
|
| Acacia kettlewelliae | 1.5[6]-1.88%[38] alkaloids, 92% consisting of phenylethylamine.[6] 0.9% N-methyl-2-
phenylethylamine found a different time.[6]
|
| Acacia laeta | DMT, in the leaf[7]
|
| Acacia lingulata | Psychoactive[8][9]
|
| Acacia longifolia | 0.2% tryptamine in bark, leaves, some in flowers, phenylethylamine in flowers,[33] 0.2% DMT in plant.[39] Histamine alkaloids.[18]
|
| Acacia longifolia var. sophorae | Tryptamine in leaves, bark[15]
|
| Acacia macradenia | Tryptamine[15]
|
| Acacia maidenii | 0.6% NMT and DMT in about a 2:3 ratio in the stem bark, both present in leaves[7]
|
| Acacia mangium | Psychoactive[8]
|
| Acacia melanoxylon | DMT, in the bark and leaf,[40] but less than 0.02% total alkaloids[18]
|
| Acacia mellifera | DMT, in the leaf[7]
|
| Acacia nilotica | DMT, in the leaf[7]
|
| Acacia nilotica subsp. adstringens | Psychoactive, DMT in the leaf
|
| Acacia obtusifolia | Tryptamine,[34] DMT, NMT, other tryptamines,[37] 0.4-0.5% in dried bark, 0.07% in branch tips.[41]
|
| Acacia oerfota | Less than 0.1% DMT in leaf,[42][17] NMT
|
| Acacia penninervis | Psychoactive[19]
|
| Acacia phlebophylla | 0.3% DMT in leaf, NMT[7]
|
| Acacia platensis | Psychoactive[8]
|
| Acacia podalyriaefolia | Tryptamine in the leaf,[7] 0.5% to 2% DMT in fresh bark, phenethylamine, trace amounts[33]
|
| Acacia polyacantha | DMT in leaf[7] and other tryptamines in leaf, bark
|
| Acacia polyacantha ssp. campylacantha | Less than 0.2% DMT in leaf, NMT; DMT and other tryptamines in leaf, bark[43]
|
| Acacia prominens | phenylethylamine, β-methyl-phenethylamine[33][6]
|
| Acacia pruinocarpa | Psychoactive[8][9] Ash used in Pituri.[10]
|
| Acacia pycantha | Psychoactive,[8] but less than 0.02% total alkaloids[18]
|
| Acacia retinodes | DMT, NMT,[44] nicotine,[27] but less than 0.02% total alkaloids found[18]
|
| Acacia rigidula | DMT, NMT, tryptamine, amphetamines, mescaline, nicotine and others[45]
|
| Acacia roemeriana | β-methyl-phenethylamine[12]
|
| Acacia salicina | Psychoactive[8][9] Ash used in Pituri.[10]
|
| Acacia sassa | Psychoactive[8]
|
| Acacia schaffneri | β-methyl-phenethylamine, Phenethylamine[36] Amphetamines and mescaline also found.[27]
|
| Acacia schottii | β-methyl-phenethylamine[12]
|
| Acacia senegal | Less than 0.1% DMT in leaf,[7] NMT, other tryptamines. DMT in plant,[29] DMT in bark.[15]
|
| Acacia sieberiana | DMT, in the leaf[7]
|
| Acacia simplex
| DMT and NMT, in the leaf, stem and trunk bark, 0.81% DMT in bark, MMT[46][7]
|
| Acacia taxensis | β-methyl-phenethylamine[12]
|
| Acacia tenuifolia | Psychoactive[8]
|
| Acacia tenuifolia var. producta | Psychoactive[8]
|
| Acacia tortilis | DMT, NMT, and other tryptamines[37]
|
| Acacia verek | Psychoactive.[8] Less than 0.1% DMT in leaf, NMT, other tryptamines
|
| Acacia vestita | Tryptamine, in the leaf and stem,[7] but less than 0.02% total alkaloids[18]
|
| Acacia victoriae | Tryptamines[34], 5-MeO-alkyltryptamine[15]
|
| Acacia visco | Psychoactive[8]
|
List of Acacia Species Having Little or No Alkaloids in the Material Sampled:[18]
0%  C 0.02%, C...Concentration of Alkaloids [%]
Other Plants Containing DMT:
| Anadenanthera colubrina |
|
| Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil | Bufotenin and Dimethyltryptamine have been isolated from the seeds and seed pods, 5-MeO-DMT from the bark of the stems.[49] The seeds were found to contain 12.4% bufotenine, 0.06% 5-MeO-DMT and 0.06% DMT.[50]
|
| Anadenanthera peregrina |
- 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-6-methoxy-2,9-dimethyl-beta-carboline, Plant[48]
- 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-6-methoxy-2-methyl-beta-carboline, Plant[48]
- 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, Bark[48]
- 5-Methoxy-N-methyltryptamine, Bark[48]
- Bufotenin, Plant,[48] beans[47]
- Bufotenin N-oxide, Fruit[48], beans[47]
- N,N-Dimethyltryptamine-oxide, Fruit[48][51]
|
| Anadenanthera peregrina var. peregrina |
Bufotenine is in the seeds.[52]
|
| Desmanthus illinoensis | 0% - 0.34% DMT in root bark, highly variable [53]
|
| Desmanthus leptolobus | 0.14% DMT in root bark, more reliable than D. illinoensis[54]
|
| Desmodium caudatum | Roots: 0.087% DMT,[55] Bufotenine-N-oxide 0.03%
|
| Desmodium gangeticum | DMT, 5-MEO-DMT, whole plant, roots, stems, leaves[1]
|
| Codariocalyx motorius(syn. Desmodium gyrans) | DMT, 5-MEO-DMT, leaves, roots[1]
|
| Desmodium pulchellum | DMT (dominates in seedlings and young plants), 5-MEO-DMT (dominates in mature plant), whole plant, roots, stems, leaves, flowers[1]
|
| Desmodium racemosum | 5-MEO-DMT[1]
|
| Desmodium triflorum | DMT-N-oxide, roots[1]
|
| Lespedeza capitata |
|
| Lespedeza bicolor | DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in leaves and roots[56]
|
| Lespedeza bicolor var. japonica | DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in leaves and root bark[1]
|
| Mimosa ophthalmocentra | DMT[57]
|
| Mimosa scabrella | DMT in bark[1]
|
| Mimosa tenuiflora(syn. "Mimosa hostilis") | 0.31-0.57% DMT (dry root bark).[58]
|
| Mimosa verrucosa | DMT[59]
|
| Mucuna pruriens | "The leaves, seeds, stems and roots contain L-Dopa, Serotonin, 5-HTP, and Nicotine, as well as N,N-DMT, Bufotenine, and 5-MeO-DMT."[60]
|
| Petalostylis casseoides | 0.4-0.5% tryptamine, DMT, etc. in leaves and stems[56]
|
| Petalostylis labicheoides var. casseoides | DMT in leaves and stems[1]
|
| Phyllodium pulchellum | 0.2% 5-MeO-DMT, small quantities of DMT[56]
|
Lauraceae:
- Nectandra megapotamica, NMT[4]
Malpighiaceae family:
- Diplopterys cabrerana: DMT 0.17-1.74%, average of 0.47% DMT[61]
Myristicaceae (Nutmeg family):
- Horsfieldia superba: 5-MeO-DMT[56] and beta-carbolines[3]
- Iryanthera macrophylla: 5-MeO-DMT in bark[56]
- Iryanthera ulei: 5-MEO-DMT in bark[1]
- Osteophloem platyspermum: DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in bark[1]
- Virola genus; for example:
| Virola calophylla | Leaves 0.149% DMT, 0.006% MMT[1]
|
| Virola callophylloidea | DMT
|
| Virola carinata | DMT in leaves[1]
|
| Virola cuspidata | DMT[4]
|
| Virola divergens | DMT in leaves[1]
|
| Virola elongata | DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in bark and leaves[1]
|
| Virola melinonii | DMT in bark[1]
|
| Virola multinervia | DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in bark and leaves[1]
|
| Virola pavonis | DMT in leaves[1]
|
| Virola peruviana | DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in bark[1]
|
| Virola rufula | Alkaloids in bark and root, 95% of which is MeO-DMT [62]
|
| Virola sebifera | DMT in bark[1]
|
| Virola surinamensis | DMT[4]
|
| Virola theiodora | DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in bark, roots, leaves and flowers[1] DMT
|
| Virola venosa | DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in roots, leaves[1] DMT
|
Ochnaceae:
- Testulea gabonensis: 0.2% 5-MeO-DMT, small quantities of DMT,[56] DMT in bark and root bark[1], NMT
Ochnaceae:
Genus Pandanus (Screw Pine): DMT in nuts[56]
Poaceae family (Gramineae)
None of the above alkaloids are said to have been found in Phalaris californica, Phalaris canariensis, Phalaris minor and hybrids of P. arundinacea together with P. aquatica.[64]
Polygonaceae:
Punicaceae:
- Punica granatum "DMT in root cortex;"[4] The dried stem and root bark of the tree contain about 0.4-0.9% alkaloids.[66]
Rubiaceae family:
| Species | Alkaloids (Dried)
|
| Psychotria carthagenensis | 0.2% average DMT in dried leaves[1]
|
| Psychotria expansa | DMT[4]
|
| Psychotria forsteriana | DMT[4]
|
| Psychotria insularum | DMT[4]
|
| Psychotria poeppigiana | DMT[4]
|
| Psychotria rostrata | DMT[4]
|
| Psychotria rufipilis | DMT[4]
|
| Psychotria viridis | DMT 0.1-0.61% dried mass.[67]
|
Rutaceae family:
- Dictyoloma incanescens DC.: 5-MeO-DMT in leaves,[1][62] 0.04% 5-MeO-DMT in bark[56]
- Dutaillyea drupacea: > 0.4 % 5-MeO-DMT in leaves[1][37]
- Dutaillyea oreophila: 5-MeO-DMT in leaves[1]
- Evodia rutaecarpa: 5-MeO-DMT in leaves[1], fruit and roots
- Limonia acidissima: 5-MeO-DMT in stems[1]
- Melicope leptococca: 0.2% total alkaloids, 0.07% 5-MeO-DMT; 5-MeO-DMT in leaves and stems,[1] also "5-MeO-DMT-Oxide and a beta-carboline"[3]
- Pilocarpus organensis: 5-MeO-DMT in leaves[1]
- Vepris ampody: Up to 0.2% DMT in leaves and branches[1][56]
- Zanthoxylum procerum: DMT in leaves[1]
Urticaceae:
- Urtica pilulifera: Bufotenin[4]
Other Indoles
Acoraceae:
Mescaline
| Species | Alkaloid Content (Fresh) | Alkaloid Content (Dried)
|
| Echinopsis lageniformis(syn. Trichocereus bridgesii) | Mescaline > 0.025%,[68] also 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine < 1%, 3-methoxytyramine < 1%, tyramine < 1% | 2%[69]
|
| Echinopsis pachanoi(syn. Trichocereus pachanoi) | Mescaline 0.006-0.12%, 0.05% Average[70] | Mescaline 0.01%-2.375%[70]
|
| Echinopsis spachiana(syn. Trichocereus spachianus) | Mescaline[71] | Mescaline[71]
|
| Lophophora williamsii(Peyote) | 0.4% Mescaline[72] | 3-6% Mescaline[71] |
|
| Opuntia basilaris | Mescaline 0.01%, plus 4-hydroxy-3-5
-dimethoxyphenethylamine[71] |
|
| Austrocylindropuntia cylindrica(syn. Opuntia cylindrica)[73] | Mescaline[71] |
|
| Cylindropuntia echinocarpa(syn. Opuntia echinocarpa) | Mescaline 0.01%, 3-4-dimethoxyphenethylamine 0.01%, 4-hydroxy-3-5-dimethoxyphenethylamine 0.01%[71] |
|
| Cylindropuntia spinosior(syn. Opuntia spinosior)[74] | Mescaline 0.00004%, 3-methoxytyramine 0.001%, tyramine 0.002%, 3-4-dimethoxyphenethylamine.[71] |
|
| Echinopsis macrogona(syn. Trichocereus macrogonus) | > 0.01-0.05% Mescaline[75] |
|
| Echinopsis peruviana(syn. Trichocereus peruvianus) | Mescaline 0.0005%-0.12%[70] | Mescaline
|
| Echinopsis tacaquirensissubsp. taquimbalensis(syn. Trichocereus taquimbalensis)[76] | > 0.005-0.025% Mescaline[75] |
|
| Echinopsis terscheckii(syn. Trichocereus terscheckii, Trichocereus werdemannianus)[77] | > 0.005-0.025% Mescaline[75] | Mescaline 0.01%-2.375%[70]
|
| Echinopsis valida | 0.025% Mescaline[72] |
|
Plants containing beta-carbolines
Beta-carbolines are "reversible" MAO-A inhibitors. They are found in some plants used to make Ayahuasca. In high doses the harmala alkaloids are somewhat hallucinogenic on their own.
Apocynaceae:
| Amsonia tabernaemontana | Harmine
|
| Aspidosperma exalatum | Beta-carbolines[78]
|
| Aspidosperma polyneuron | Beta-carbolines[78]
|
| Apocynum cannabinum | Harmalol
|
| Ochrosia nakaiana | Harman
|
| Pleicarpa mutica | Beta-carbolines[78]
|
Bignoniaceae:
- Newbouldia laevis, Harman
Calycanthaceae:
Chenopodiaceae:
- Hammada leptoclada, Tetrahydroharman, etc.
- Kochia scoparia, Harmine, etc.
Combretaceae:
- Guiera senegalensis, Harman, etc.
Cyperaceae:
- Carex brevicollis, Harmine, etc.
- Carex parva, Beta-carbolines[78]
Elaeagnaceae:
| Elaeagnus augustifolia | Harman, etc.
|
| Elaeagnus commutata | Beta-carbolines[78]
|
| Elaeagnus hortensis | Tetrahydroharman, etc.
|
| Elaeagnus orientalis | Tetrahydroharman
|
| Elaeagnus spinosa | Tetrahydroharman
|
| Hippophae rhammoides | Harman, etc.
|
| Shepherdia argentea | Tetrahydroharmol
|
| Shepherdia canadensis | Tetrahydroharmol
|
Gramineae:
Lauraceae:
- Nectandra megapotamica, Beta-carbolines[78]
Leguminosae:
- Acacia baileyana, Tetrahydroharman
- Acacia complanata, Tetrahydroharman, etc.
- Burkea africana, Harman, etc.
- Desmodium gangeticum, Beta-carbolines[78]
- Desmodium gyrans, Beta-carbolines[78]
- Desmodium pulchellum, Harman, etc.
- Mucuna pruriens, 6-Methoxy-Harman
- Petalostylis labicheoides, Tetrahydroharman; MAO's up to 0.5%[4]
- Prosopis nigra, Harman, etc.
- Shepherdia pulchellum, Beta-carbolines[78]
Loganiaceae:
- Strychnos melinoniana, Beta-carbolines[78]
- Strychnos usambarensis, Harman[78]
Malpighiaceae:
| Banisteriopsis argentia | 5-methoxytetrahydroharman, (-)-N(6)-methoxytetrahydroharman, dimethyltryptamine-N(6)-oxide[12]
|
| Banisteriopsis caapi | Harmine 0.31-8.43%,[79] tetrahydroharmine, telepathine, dihydroshihunine[80]
|
| Banisteriopsis inebrians | Beta-carbolines[78]
|
| Banisteriopsis lutea | Harmine, telepathine[12]
|
| Banisteriopsis metallicolor | Harmine, telepathine[12]
|
| Banisteriopsis muricata | Harmine
|
| Banisteriopsis rusbyana | Beta-carbolines[78]
|
| Cabi pratensis | Beta-carbolines[78]
|
| Callaeum antifebrile(syn. Cabi paraensis) | Harmine
|
Myristicaceae:
- Gymnacranthera paniculata, Beta-carbolines[78]
- Horsfieldia superba: Beta-carbolines[3]
- Virola cuspidata, 6-Methoxy-Harman
- Virola rufula, Beta-carbolines[78]
- Virola theidora, Beta-carbolines[78]
Ochnaceae:
- Testulea gabonensis, Beta-carbolines[78]
Palmae:
- Plectocomiopsis geminiflorus, Beta-carbolines[78]
Papaveraceae:
| Meconopsis horridula | Beta-carbolines[78]
|
| Meconopsis napaulensis | Beta-carbolines[78]
|
| Meconopsis panuculata | Beta-carbolines[78]
|
| Meconopsis robusta | Beta-carbolines[78]
|
| Meconopsis rudis | Beta-carbolines[78]
|
| Papaver rhoeas | Beta-carbolines[78]
|
Passifloraceae:
| Passiflora actinea | Harman
|
| Passiflora alata | Harman
|
| Passiflora alba | Harman
|
| Passiflora bryonoides | Harman
|
| Passiflora caerulea | Harman
|
| Passiflora capsularis | Harman
|
| Passiflora decaisneana | Harman
|
| Passiflora edulis | Harman, 0-7001 ppm[29] in fruit
|
| Passiflora eichleriana | Harman
|
| Passiflora foetida | Harman
|
| Passiflora incarnata (with bee) | Harmine, Harmaline, Harman, etc. 0.03%.[81] Alkaloids in rind of fruit 0.25%[81]
|
| Passiflora quadrangularis | Harman
|
| Passiflora ruberosa | Harman
|
| Passiflora subpeltata | Harman
|
| Passiflora warmingii | Harman
|
Polygonaceae:
- Calligonum minimum, Beta-carbolines[78]
- Leptactinia densiflora, Leptaflorine, etc.
- Ophiorrhiza japonica, Harman
- Pauridiantha callicarpoides, Harman
- Pauridiantha dewevrei, Harman
- Pauridiantha lyalli, Harman
- Pauridiantha viridiflora, Harman
- Simira klugii, Harman
- Simira rubra, Harman
Rubiaceae:
- Borreria verticillata, Beta-carbolines[78]
- Leptactinia densiflora, Beta-carbolines[78]
- Nauclea diderrichii, Beta-carbolines[78]
- Ophiorrhiza japonica, Beta-carbolines[78]
- Pauridiantha callicarpoides, Beta-carbolines[78]
- Pauridiantha dewevrei, Beta-carbolines[78]
- Pauridiantha yalli, Beta-carbolines[78]
- Pauridiantha viridiflora, Beta-carbolines[78]
- Pavetta lanceolata, Beta-carbolines[78]
- Psychotria carthagenensis, Beta-carbolines[78]
- Psychotria viridis, Beta-carbolines[78]
- Simira klugii, Beta-carbolines[78]
- Simira rubra, Beta-carbolines[78]
- Uncaria attenuata, Beta-carbolines[78]
- Uncaria canescens, Beta-carbolines[78]
- Uncaria orientalis, Beta-carbolines[78]
Rubiaceae:
Rutaceae family:
- Evodia species: Some contain carbolines
- Melicope leptococca: Beta-carboline[3]
- Araliopsis tabouensis, Beta-carbolines[78]
- Findersia laevicarpa, Beta-carbolines[78]
- Xanthoxylum rhetsa, Beta-carbolines[78]
Sapotaceae:
- Chrysophyllum lacouritianum, Norharman etc.
Simaroubaceae:
- Ailanthus malabarica, Beta-carbolines[78]
- Perriera madagascariensis, Beta-carbolines[78]
- Picrasma ailanthoides, Beta-carbolines[78]
- Picrasma crenata, Beta-carbolines[78]
- Picrasma excelsa, Beta-carbolines[78]
- Picrasma javanica, Beta-carbolines[78]
Solanaceae:
- Vestia foetida, (Syn V. lycioides) Beta-carbolines[78]
|
- Symplocaceae:
- Symplocos racemosa, Harman
Tiliaceae:
- Grewia mollis, Beta-carbolines[78]
Zygophyllaceae:
| Fagonia cretica | Harman
|
| Nitraria schoberi | Beta-carbolines[78]
|
Peganum harmala
(Syrian Rue) | The seeds contain about 2-6% alkaloids, most of which is harmaline.[82] Peganum harmala is also an abortifacient.
|
| Peganum nigellastrum | Harmine
|
| Tribulus terrestris | Harman
|
| Zygophyllum fabago | Harman, harmine
|
Other psychedelic plants
|
Salvinorin A
|
Salvia divinorum
| Salvinorin A, 0.89-3.87 mg/g, also Salvinorin B and Salvinorin C[83]
|
|
Ergine
|
Argyreia nervosa (Hawaiian Baby Woodrose)
| Seeds contain high amounts of LSA (also known as d-lysergic acid amide, d-lysergamide, ergine, and LA-111), often 50-150X the amounts found in Ipomoea violacea.
|
|
Ibogaine
|
Tabernanthe iboga
| Ibogaine in root bark[84]
|
|
Ibogaine
|
Tabernanthe orientalis
| Ibogaine in root leaves[84]
|
|
Ibogaine
|
Tabernanthe pubescens
| Ibogaine and similar alkaloids[84]
|
|
Ibogaine
|
Tabernaemontana sp.
| Ibogaine[84]
|
| Ibogaine
|
Trachelospermum jasminoides
| Ibogaine[85]
|
|
Aporphine
|
Nymphaea caerulea
| Recent studies have shown Nympaea caerulea to have psychedelic properties, and may have been used as a sacrament in ancient Egypt and certain ancient South American cultures. Dosages of 5 to 10 grams of flowers induces slight stimulation, a shift in thought processes, and mild closed-eye visuals. Nymphaea caerulea is very often confused with Nelumbo nucifera (Sacred Lotus), which contains the alkaloid nuciferine, which has sedative and muscle-relaxing properties. The active principal alkaloid in N. caerulea is currently unknown.
|
|
Mitragynine
|
Mitragyna Speciosa
| Leaves contain mitragynine (thought to be primary psychoactive), mitraphylline, and 7-hydroxymitragynine. (An unusual stimulant and narcotic-like effect reminiscent of caffeine and opium)
|
|
Leonurine
|
Leonotis leonurus
| Both leaves and flowers (where most concentrated) contain Leonurine. (Effects reminiscent of marijuana)
|
|
Leonurine
|
Leonotis nepetifolia
| Both leaves and flowers (where most concentrated) contain Leonurine. (Effects reminiscent of marijuana)
|
|
Active Chemical Unknown
|
Calea zacatechichi
| Produces vivid dreams after smoking. It is also employed by the Chontal people as a medicinal herb against gastrointestinal disorders, and is used as an appetizer, cathartic anti-dysentery remedy, and as a fever-reducing agent.
|
Convolvulaceae:
Apocynaceae family:
Aquifoliaceae family:
- Ilex guayusa, which is used as an additive to some versions of Ayahuasca.[87] According to the Ecuadorian indigenous, it is also slightly hallucinogenic on its own, when drunk in high enough quantities.
Euphorbiaceae family:
Loganaceae family:
Lythraceae family:
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai Ayahuasca Analogues
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Trouts Notes on Sacred Cacti
- ^ a b c d e Bluezoo Tryptamines
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Plants Containing DMT
- ^ Lycaeum
- ^ a b c d e f g Fitzgerald, J.S. Alkaloids of the Australian Legumuminosae -- The Occurence of Phenylethylame Derivatives in Acacia Species, Aust. J . Chem., 1964, 17, 160-2.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Shaman Australis
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Index of Rätsch, Christian. Enzyklopädie der psychoaktiven Pflanzen, Botanik, Ethnopharmakologie und Anwendungen, 7. Auflage. AT Verlag, 2004, 941 Seiten. ISBN 3855025703 at [1] (German)
- ^ a b c d e f Book Index from Richard Evans Schultes, Albert Hofmann
Pflanzen der Götter at DeutschesFachbuch.de (German)
- ^ a b c d e Duboisia hopwoodii - Pituri Bush - Solanaceae - Central America
- ^ Wattle Seed Workshop Proceedings 12 March 2002, Canberra March 2003 RIRDC Publication No 03/024, RIRDC Project No WS012-06
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Glasby, John Stephen (1991). Dictionary of Plants Containing Secondary Metabolites. CRC Press, 2. ISBN 0850664233.
- ^ English Title: Nutritive value assessment of the tropical shrub legume Acacia angustissima: anti-nutritional compounds and in vitro digestibility.
Personal Authors: McSweeney, C. S., Krause, D. O., Palmer, B., Gough, J., Conlan, L. L., Hegarty, M. P.
Author Affiliation: CSIRO Livestock Industries, Long Pocket Laboratories, 120 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia.
Document Title: Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2005 (Vol. 121) (No. 1/2) 175-190
- ^ Maya Ethnobotanicals
- ^ a b c d e f g h Acacia (Polish)
- ^ Lycaeum
- ^ a b www.serendipity.com
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen By Robert Hegnauer
- ^ a b c d e www.bushfood.net
- ^ Ask Dr. Shulgin Online: Acacias and Natural Amphetamine
- ^ www.abc.net.au
- ^ Acacia Complanata Phytochemical Studies
- ^ Lycaeum -- Acacias and Entheogens
- ^ Lycaeum
- ^ SBEPL
- ^ NMR spectral assignments of a new chlorotryptamine alkaloid and its analogues from Acacia confusa
Malcolm S. Buchanan, Anthony R. Carroll, David Pass, Ronald J. Quinn
Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry
Volume 45, Issue 4 , Pages359 - 361.
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- ^ a b c d Naturheilpraxis Fachforum (German)
- ^ Lycaeum
- ^ a b c Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
- ^ Wattle Seed Workshop Proceedings 12 March 2002, Canberra March 2003 RIRDC Publication No 03/024, RIRDC Project No WS012-06
- ^ www.bpi.da.gov.ph
- ^ Purdue University
- ^ a b c d Hegnauer, Robert (1994). Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen. Springer, 500. ISBN 3764329793.
- ^ a b c www.bluelight.ru
- ^ Lycaeum (Acacia floribunda)
- ^ a b Chemistry of Acacias from South Texas
- ^ a b c d wiki.magiskamolekyler.org (Swedish)
- ^ Acacia kettlewelliae
- ^ Lycaeum Acacia longifolia
- ^ extentech.sheetster.com
- ^ Acacia obtusifolia Phytochemical Studies
- ^ Plants Containing DMT (German)
- ^ Hortipedia
- ^ Pflanzentabelle APB (German)
- ^ Magiska Molekylers wiki
- ^ Arbeitsstelle für praktische Biologie (APB)
- ^ a b c d e f g UNO
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
- ^ Herbotechnica (Spanish)
- ^ Erowid
- ^ Psychedelics Encyclopedia By Peter G. Stafford, p. 313.
- ^ PubMed
- ^ Desmanthus (Ayahuasca: alkaloids, plants & analogs)
- ^ Desmanthus (Ayahuasca: alkaloids, plants & analogs)
- ^ Trout's Notes on Desmodium
- ^ a b c d e f g h i .
- ^ Erowid Mimosa Vault
- ^ Ask Erowid ID 75
- ^ UNODC Bulletin on Narcotics 1969
- ^ Erowid entry(2002), [2]
- ^ DMT Plants List
- ^ a b www.tryptamines.com
- ^ Erowid Arundo Donax Info Page 1
- ^ a b c Lycaeum
- ^ a b c Erowid Phalaris FAQ
- ^ Pomegranate (Herbdata New Zealand)
- ^ Amazing Nature
- ^ [3]
- ^ Trichocereus
- ^ a b c d Forbidden Fruit Archives
- ^ a b c d e f g Visionary Cactus Guide
- ^ a b Erowid
- ^ Austrocylindropuntia cylindrica (http://www.desert-tropicals.com)
- ^ Cylindropuntia spinosior (www.desert-tropicals.com)
- ^ a b c Partial List of Alkaloids in Trichocereus Cacti
- ^ Echinopsis tacaquirensis ssp. taquimbalensis
- ^ www.desert-tropicals.com
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd Angiosperm Families Containing Beta-Carbolines
- ^ Callaway JC, Brito GS & Neves ES (2005). Phytochemical analyses of Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 37(2): 145-150.
- ^ John Stephen Glasby, Dictionary of Plants Containing Secondary Metabolites, Published by CRC Press
- ^ a b www.drugs.com
- ^ www.amazing-nature.com
- ^ Clones of Salvia divinorum
- ^ a b c d Tihkal
- ^ Trachelospermum jasminoides (www.giftpflanzen.com)
- ^ Catharanthus roseus
- ^ Ayahuasca Analogues
- ^ Schultes, Richard Evans, Iconography of New World Plant Hallucinogens. p. 101
- ^ a b Sinicuichi FAQ
|
