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Pleconaril


Pleconaril
Systematic (IUPAC) name
3-{3,5-dimethyl-4-[3-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)propoxy] phenyl}-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole
Identifiers
CAS number	153168-05-09
ATC code	J05AX06
PubChem	1684
Chemical data
Formula	C₁₈H₁₈F₃N₃O₃
Mol. mass	381.35 g/mol
SMILES	search in eMolecules, PubChem
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	70% (oral)
Protein binding	>99%
Metabolism	?
Half life	?
Excretion	?
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	?
Legal status
Routes	Oral, intranasal

Pleconaril is an antiviral drug being developed by Schering-Plough for prevention of asthma exacerbations and common cold symptoms in asthmatic subjects exposed to picornavirus respiratory infections.^[1] Although the formulation used by Schering-Plough is a nasal spray, pleconaril is orally bioavailable, and is active against viruses in the Picornaviridae family, including Enterovirus^[2] and Rhinovirus.^[3]

Additional recommended knowledge

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History

Pleconaril was originally developed by Sanofi-Aventis, and licensed to ViroPharma in 1997. ViroPharma developed it further, and submitted a New Drug Application to the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2001. The application was rejected, and ViroPharma re-licensed it to Schering-Plough in 2003. As of 2007, it is in Phase II clinical trials.^[1]

Mechanism of action

Pleconaril binds to a hydrophobic pocket in VP1, the major protein which comprises the capsid (the outer "shell") of picornaviruses. In enteroviruses, this prevents the virus from exposing its RNA, and in rhinoviruses it also prevents the virus from attaching itself to the host cell.^[4]

References

^ ^a ^b Effects of Pleconaril Nasal Spray on Common Cold Symptoms and Asthma Exacerbations Following Rhinovirus Exposure (Study P04295AM2). ClinicalTrials.gov. U.S. National Institutes of Health (March 2007). Retrieved on 2007-04-10.
^ Pevear D, Tull T, Seipel M, Groarke J (1999). "Activity of pleconaril against enteroviruses". Antimicrob Agents Chemother 43 (9): 2109–15. PMID 10471549.
^ Ronald B. Turner, J. Owen Hendley (2005). "Virucidal hand treatments for prevention of rhinovirus infection". J Antimicrob Chemother 56 (5): 805-807. PMID 16159927.
^ Florea N, Maglio D, Nicolau D (2003). "Pleconaril, a novel antipicornaviral agent". Pharmacotherapy 23 (3): 339–48. PMID 12627933. Free full text with registration

v • d • e Antivirals, other than for HIV (primarily J05, also S01AD and D06BB)
Anti-herpesvirus (DNA, I)	guanine analogues (Aciclovir, Famciclovir, Ganciclovir, Penciclovir, Valaciclovir, Valganciclovir) • nucleoside analogues (Idoxuridine, Trifluridine, Vidarabine) • Cidofovir • Docosanol • Fomivirsen • Foscarnet • Tromantadine
HPV/MC (DNA, I)	Imiquimod • Podophyllotoxin
Hepatitis B (DNA, VII)	Adefovir dipivoxil • Interferon alfa-2b • Pegylated interferon alfa-2a • Lamivudine • Entecavir • Telbivudine • Tenofovir^†
Hepatitis C (RNA, IV)	Ribavirin • Taribavirin
Picornavirus (RNA, IV)	Pleconaril
Anti-influenza agents (RNA, V)	Arbidol adamantane derivatives/M2 inhibitors (Amantadine, Rimantadine) neuraminidase inhibitors (Oseltamivir, Peramivir^†, Zanamivir)
HIV (Reverse, VI)	See HIV pharm
Other antiviral agents	general (Inosine, Interferon)
^†Undergoing clinical trials, not FDA approved.

Category: Antivirals

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Pleconaril". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.