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Pauling's rulesPauling's rules are five rules published by Linus Pauling in 1929[1] for determining the molecular structures of complex crystals. Additional recommended knowledge1. A coordinated polyhedron of anions is formed about each cation, the cation-anion distance determined by the sum of ionic radii and the coordination number (C.N.) by the radius ratio.
2. An ionic structure will be stable to the extent that the sum of the strengths of the electrostatic bonds that reach an anion equal the charge on that anion. ("The electrostatic valence rule".)
This is expressed mathematically as:
Some examples are:
3. The sharing of edges and particularly faces by two anion polyhedra decreases the stability of an ionic structure.
4. In a crystal containing different cations, those of high valency and small coordination number tend not to share polyhedron elements with one another. 5. The number of essentially different kinds of constituents in a crystal tends to be small.("The rule of parsimony".)
References
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Pauling's_rules". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia. |