Patrick K. Kroupa

Patrick Karel Kroupa (also known as Lord Digital, born January 20, 1969 in Los Angeles, California) is an American writer, hacker, and cyberculture personality. Kroupa was a member of the legendary Legion of Doom hacker group and co-founded MindVox in 1991, with Bruce Fancher. He was a heroin addict from age fourteen to thirty and got clean through the use of the hallucinogenic drug ibogaine.

As of 2006, Kroupa is High Priest in the Eastern European based and European Union recognized religion: Sacrament of Transition [1] (a religious organization whose initiation rituals involve the sacramental use of ibogaine), and a member of CULT OF THE DEAD COW [2].

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Early years

Kroupa was born in Los Angeles, California, of Bohemian parents who left Prague, Czechoslovakia after the Soviet invasion in 1968. His parents were divorced when Kroupa was six, and he re-located to New York City, where he was raised by his mother. He is the nephew of Czech opera singer Zdeněk Kroupa (b. 1921, d. 1999) [3].

Patrick Kroupa was part of the first generation to grow up with home computers and network access. In numerous interviews he has repeatedly listed two events which were important in shaping the course of his later years.

The first was being exposed to one of the first two Cray supercomputers that were ever built, which was located at NCAR (the National Center for Atmospheric Research) where his father was a physicist, who took him through the labs and taught him to program in Fortran and feed the Cray using punched cards. This happened during the same year that Woody Allen was filming Sleeper, using NCAR in many of the futuristic background scenes that appeared in the movie. Kroupa got an Apple II computer for his own use around the time he was seven or eight years old [4].

The second event was being part of the last days of Abbie Hoffman's YIPL/TAP (Youth International Party Lines/Technological Assistance Program) counter-culture/Yippie meetings that were taking place in New York City's Lower East Side, during the early 1980s. Kroupa again lists this event, repeatedly in interviews, as opening many new doors for him and changing his perceptions about technology.

  TAP was the original hacker and phone phreak publication which predated 2600 by decades (at the time of the last TAP meetings, 2600 magazine was just starting to publish its first issues). Kroupa met many people there who would become part of his life in the years to come. Three of the main characters would be his future partner and life-long friend, Bruce Fancher; Yippie/Medical Marijuana activist Dana Beal (The Theoretician), who was part of the John Draper (Cap'n Crunch) /Abbie Hoffman, technologically-inclined branch of the counter-culture and perhaps most important: Herbert Huncke, who introduced Kroupa to heroin at age fourteen [5].

With the exception of the counter-cultural and hard-drug elements, the preceding history made Kroupa part of a small group, composed of a few hundred kids who were either wealthy enough to afford home computers in the late 70's, or had technologically-savvy families who understood the potentials of what the machines could do [6]. The internet as it is today did not exist, only a small percentage of the population had home computers and out of those who did, even fewer had online access through the use of modems [7].

During his time in the computer underground Kroupa was a member of the first Pirate/Cracking crew to ever exist for the Apple II computer: The Apple Mafia ([8], [9], [10];) as well as various phreaking/hacking groups, the most high-profile being the Knights of Shadow. When KOS fell apart after a series of arrests, many of the surviving members were absorbed into Kroupa's final group affiliation: the Legion of Doom (LoD/H). [11]

Kroupa started publishing some of his hacking techniques when he would have been around 12 or 13 [12]. There is a significant progression through years of text, which captures Kroupa's early evolution and skills [13], culminating in an extensive, programmable phone phreaking and hacking toolkit for the Apple II computer, called Phantom Access (which is where the name Phantom Access Technologies, the parent corporation behind MindVox, would later come from).

The MindVox Years

Voices in my Head (1991 - 1996)

         /\_-\
        <((_))>
         \- \/
 /\_-\(:::::::::)/\_-\
<((_))  MindVox  ((_))>
 \- \/(:::::::::)\- \/
         /\_-\
        <((_))>
         \- \/

In the late 80s and early 90s, the computer underground had suffered through a series of protracted raids by the Secret Service and FBI, called Operation Sundevil and Operation Redux. Many Legion of Doom members were raided, charged and in some cases successfully prosecuted [14], [15], [16], [17], [18]. This happened against the backdrop of the first and largest gang war that ever took place in cyberspace, the Great Hacker War between LOD and their rival gang MOD (Masters of Deception).

Considering Kroupa and Fancher's backgrounds and the fact that MindVox employed a motley collection of convicted felons like security expert Len Rose [19] and the infamous Phiber Optik (Mark Abene) who was awaiting a Manhattan grand jury indictment, these were very real issues at the time.

This is the environment in which Patrick Kroupa and Bruce Fancher, launched MindVox. In the words of Bruce Fancher:

This is also the time during which Patrick Kroupa wrote, Voices in my Head, MindVox: The Overture. Kroupa provided a compelling and sweeping, first-person overview of the cultural forces that were at play in the hacker underground during the decade that pre-dated the launch of MindVox, considered by some the "Golden Age" of cyberspace.

In the process of writing and releasing Voices, Patrick Kroupa stepped out from behind Lord Digital. Instead of status in the hacker underground and notoriety in a sub-culture, Kroupa was being written about as the Jim Morrison of cyberspace [20] and receiving accolades from the mainstream press. [21], [22], [23], [24].

Voices helped define what MindVox became, a counter-cultural media darling meriting full-length features in magazines and newspapers such as Rolling Stone, Forbes, The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times and The New Yorker. Voices in my Head was the spark that propelled Kroupa out of obscurity and into the mainstream.

There is no single article that captures this as well as Sassy magazine's effusive coverage of MindVox. The long strange trip that began in the hardcore hacker underground, had landed in the middle of a glossy mainstream magazine targeted at an audience of teenage girls, with Kroupa and Fancher displacing that issue's "Cute boy band alert!" with the "Cute cyberpunk alert!" [25]

MIA / DOA (1996 - 2000)

A running theme through nearly all of Kroupa's writing, is his drug use. He was a very vocal proponent of self-selecting your own state of consciousness and freely wrote and talked about his own drug experimentation. The caveat being, some of his drug use was open and public. The fact that he was an advocate of LSD and other psychedelic drugs was no big secret. The fact that he regularly lost weeks of time injecting speedballs (a mixture of heroin and cocaine), was in and out of detoxes and rehabs in a revolving door manner, and so heavily bipolar, that when he wasn't on heroin, he didn't function at all; were all facts that were not publicized or mentioned until nearly a decade later.

Kroupa wrote with great honesty and passion about a variety of topics, but he very carefully danced around his own increasing dependence on heroin. Everybody knew that Kroupa occasionally used heroin, cocaine and dozens of other drugs. With the exception of his close friends, nobody knew that he was injecting over $1,000 a day of heroin just to function.

By 1996 something was very obviously wrong. MindVox was at the absolute height of its powers, yet it was disintegrating. Bruce Fancher was suddenly part of 2 or 3 other start-ups, system repairs that should have taken hours, dragged on for weeks. While the user-base kept growing, the previously high level of intelligent discourse within the internal conferences had suffered, and while MindVox was getting more press than ever, all of it read like the same story being retold for the umpteenth time.

Sometime in early to mid 1996, Kroupa simply vanished. Freedom of choice, gave way to the downward spiral of hardcore heroin addiction and dysfunction. Years later (2005), in his book, Hip: The History, New York Times reporter and former Details editor, John Leland would write:

Kroupa's exact whereabouts and activities from early 1996 until December 1999, remain unknown. He has acknowledged that he travelled throughout North America and spent time living in Mexico, Belize, Puerto Rico, the Czech Republic and eventually Bangkok, Thailand.

21st. century

Patrick Kroupa finally kicked heroin through the use of the hallucinogenic drug, ibogaine. He was detoxed for the last time in the West Indies, on the Caribbean island of St. Kitts by Dr. Deborah Mash in late 1999.

He subsequently spent four months living at the controversial Buddhist temple, Wat Tham Krabok (which has since been shut down by the Thai government and wrapped in concertina wire, on suspicion of being an international heroin smuggling conduit).

Bibliography

Essays

• Voices In My Head MindVox: The Overture (1992), Patrick K. Kroupa. [26], [27], [28]

Magazines

• The Akashic Records of Cyberspace (1993), Patrick K. Kroupa. Mondo 2000.
• Memoirs of a Cybernaut (1993), Patrick K. Kroupa. Wired.
• Agr1pPa - A Book of The Mentally Disturbed (1993), Patrick K. Kroupa. Mondo 2000. [29], [30]
• The Secret Service is Neither (1994), Patrick K. Kroupa. Mondo 2000.
• Heroin Times: Ibogaine Series (2000-2003), Patrick K. Kroupa. Heroin Times.

Medical journals

• Ibogaine: Treatment Outcomes and Observations (2003), Hattie Wells (Epoptica) & Patrick K. Kroupa (Junk the Magic Dragon), MAPS (Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies, Volume XIII, Number 2).
• Ibogaine in the 21st Century: Boosters, Tune-ups and Maintenance (2005), Patrick K. Kroupa & Hattie Wells. MAPS (Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies, Volume XV, Number 1).

References

Books

• Rudy Rucker & R. U. Sirius, (1992) User's Guide to the New Edge (ISBN 0-06-096928-8)
• Bruce Sterling, (1993) The Hacker Crackdown: Law And Disorder On The Electronic Frontier (ISBN 0-553-56370-X)
• Tod Foley, (1994) Tricks of the Internet Gurus, SAM'S Publishing
• Frank Biocca, Mark R. Levy, (1994) Communication in the Age of Virtual Reality (ISBN 0-8058-1550-3)
• J C Herz, (1995) Surfing on the Internet (ISBN 0-316-36009-0)
• St. Jude (Jude Milhon), (1995) The Real Cyberpunk Fakebook (ISBN 0-679-76230-2)
• Jeff Goodell, (1996) The Cyberthief and the Samurai (ISBN 0-440-22205-2)
• Charles Platt, (1997) Anarchy Online (ISBN 0-06-100990-3)
• Melanie McGrath, (1998) Hard, Soft & Wet (ISBN 0-00-654849-0)
• Richard Power, (2000) Tangled Web: Tales of Digital Crime from the Shadows of Cyberspace (ISBN 0-7897-2443-X)
• Rebecca Gurley Bace, (2000) Intrusion Detection (ISBN 1-57870-185-6)
• David Orme, (2001) Hackers (New Spirals) (ISBN 0-7487-6071-7)
• John Biggs, (2004) Black Hat (ISBN 1-59059-379-0)
• Joseph M. Kizza, (2005) Computer Network Security (ISBN 0387204733)
• John Leland, (2005) Hip: The History (ISBN 0-06-052817-6)

Magazines and newspapers

• Forbes, William Flanagan (1992), The Playground Bullies Have Learned to Type
• Mondo 2000, Andrew Hawkins (1992), There's A Party in my Mind... MindVox!
• Associated Press, Frank Bajak (1993), Wiring the Planet: MindVox!
• Wired Magazine, Charles Platt (November 1993), MindVox: Urban Attitude Online
• Sassy Magazine, Margie Ingall (1993), Hi Girlz, See You in Cyberspace!
• New York Magazine, Jeff Goodell (1994), Boot Up and See Me Sometime
• NY Times, John Leland (May 1, 2003), Yippies' Answer to Smoke-Filled Rooms
• Ocean Drive, Tristram Korten (2006), A Cure for Addiction?

Medical journals

• Brian Vastag, Addiction Treatment Strives for Legitimacy JAMA (Journal of the American Medical Association Vol. 288 No. 24, December 25, 2002)

Public Access U.S. Government Documents

• United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, (1996). Security in Cyberspace: Hearings before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Second Session, May 22, June 5, 25, and July 16, 1996

Available from U.S. G.P.O., Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office. (ISBN 0-16-053913-7)

Film

• Benjamin De Loenen (2005) Ibogaine: Rite of Passage. LunArt Productions iMDB

Television

• KRON (2004). Hallucinogen May Cure Drug Addiction [31]

Radio

• KNX 1070 News Radio (2005). Ibogaine

Music

• Billy Idol (1993) Cyberpunk, EMI

See also

Ibogaine

• MindVox: Ibogaine - Welcome to The Jungle
• Ibogaine Research Project

Yippies

• Yippie Speakers Bureau
• Cures not Wars

Misc

• Personal Home Page
• Phantom Access Exhibit
• Wonderful Things (War On Drugs Essay)
• Textfiles List of Losers, 1984