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Nuclear decommissioningThe decommissioning of nuclear power plants is sometimes referred to as nuclear decommissioning, to mark the difference between 'conventional' decommissioning and dismantling projects. The main difference to the dismantling of a 'conventional' facility is the possible presence of radioactive or fissile material in a nuclear facility, that requires special precautions. Generally speaking, nuclear plants were designed for a life of about 30 years. Newer plants are designed for a 40 to 60 year operating life. Decommissioning involves many administrative and technical actions. It includes all clean-up of radioactivity and progressive demolition of the plant. Once a facility is decommissioned, there should no longer be any danger of a radioactive accident or to any persons visiting it. After a facility has been taken out of service it allows its release from regulatory control and relieves the licensee of his responsibility for its nuclear safety. Additional recommended knowledge
Decommissioning optionsThe International Atomic Energy Agency has defined three options for decommissioning, the definitions of which have been internationally adopted:
ExperienceA wide range of nuclear facilities has been decommissioned so far. This includes nuclear power plants (NPPs), research reactors, isotope production plants, particle accelerators, uranium mines etc. There are companies specialized in nuclear decommissioning; the practice of decommissioning has turned into a profitable business. Decommissionning is very expensive; the current estimate by the United Kingdom's Nuclear Decommissioning Authority is that it will cost at least £70 billion to decommission the existing United Kingdom nuclear sites; this takes no account of what will happen in the future. Also, due to the latent radioactivity in the reactor core, the decommissioning of a reactor is a slow process which has to take place in stages; the plans of the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority for decommissioning reactors have an average 50 year time frame. Cost of decommissioningIn USA many utilities estimates now average $325 million per reactor all-up (1998 $). In France, decommissioning of Brennilis Nuclear Power Plant, a smallish 70 MW power plant, already cost 480 millions euros (20x the estimate costs) and is still pending after 20 years. Despite the huge investments in securing the dismantlement, radioactive elements such as Plutonium, Cesium-137 and Cobalt-60 leaked out into the surrounding lake.[1] [2] In the UK, decommissioning of Windscale Advanced Cooled Reactor (WAGR), a 32 MW power plant, cost 117 millions euros. In Germany, decommissioning of Niederaichbach nuclear power plant, a 100MW power plant, cost about 90 millions euros. See also
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Nuclear_decommissioning". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia. |