Nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies

Complete list of stems for
monoclonal antibody nomenclature^[1]
Prefix	Target		Source		Suffix
variable	-o(s)-	bone	-u-	human	-mab
	-vi(r)-	viral	-o-	mouse
	-ba(c)-	bacterial	-a-	rat
	-li(m)-	immune system	-e-	hamster
	-le(s)-	infectious lesions	-i-	primate
	-ci(r)-	cardiovascular	-xi-	chimeric
	-mu(l)-	musculoskeletal	-zu-	humanized
	-ki(n)-	interleukin as target	-axo-	rat/murine hybrid
	-co(l)-	colonic tumor	-xizu-	chimeric + humanized
	-me(l)-	melanoma
	-ma(r)-	mammary tumor
	-go(t)-	testicular tumor
	-go(v)-	ovarian tumor
	-pr(o)-	prostate tumor
	-tu(m)-	miscellaneous tumor
	-neu(r)-	nervous system
	-tox(a)-	toxin as target
	-fu(ng)-	fungal

The nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies is a naming scheme for assigning generic, or nonproprietary, names to a group of medicines called monoclonal antibodies. This scheme is used for both the World Health Organization’s International Nonproprietary Names and the United States Adopted Names.^[2]^[1] In general, suffixes are used to identify a class of medicines; all monoclonal antibody pharmaceuticals end with the suffix -mab. However, different infixes are used depending on the structure and function of the medicine.

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Components

Infix for origin/source

The infix preceding the -mab suffix denotes the animal origin of the antibodies.^[1] Although the original monoclonal antibodies were produced in mice (infix, -o-), these antibodies are recognized as foreign by human immune systems and may be rapidly cleared, provoke an allergic reaction, or both. Therefore, parts of the antibody may be replaced with human sequences. If the constant region is replaced with the human form, it is termed chimeric and the infix used is -xi-. Part of the variable regions may also be substituted, in which case it is termed humanized and the infix used is -zu-. Antibodies originating in humans use -u-.

Infix for target

The infix preceding the source of the antibodies refers to medicine’s target. Most of these consist of a consonant, vowel, then another consonant. For ease of pronunciation and to avoid awkwardness, the final consonant is dropped if the following infix begins with a consonant (such as -zu- or -xi-). Examples of these include -ci(r)- for the circulatory system and -tu(m)- for miscellaneous tumors (cancers).^[1]

Prefix and second word

Finally, the prefix carries no special meaning and should be unique for each medicine. A second word may be added if there is another substance attached or linked.

Full list

o(s): -osumab; -osomab; -osamab; -osemab; -osimab; -oximab; -ozumab; -osaxomab; -oxizumab
vi(r): -virumab; -viromab; -viramab; -viremab; -virimab; -viximab; -vizumab; -viraxomab; -vixizumab
ba(c): -bacumab; -bacomab; -bacamab; -bacemab; -bacimab; -baximab; -bazumab; -bacaxomab; -baxizumab
li(m): -limumab; -limomab; -limamab; -limemab; -limimab; -liximab; -lizumab; -limaxomab; -lixizumab
le(s): -lesumab; -lesomab; -lesamab; -lesemab; -lesimab; -leximab; -lezumab; -lesaxomab; -lexizumab
ci(r): -cirumab; -ciromab; -ciramab; -ciremab; -cirimab; -ciximab; -cizumab; -ciraxomab; -cixizumab
mu(l): -mulumab; -mulomab; -mulamab; -mulemab; -mulimab; -muximab; -muzumab; -mulaxomab; -muxizumab
ki(n): -kinumab; -kinomab; -kinamab; -kinemab; -kinimab; -kiximab; -kizumab; -kinaxomab; -kixizumab
co(l): -columab; -colomab; -colamab; -colemab; -colimab; -coximab; -cozumab; -colaxomab; -coxizumab
me(l): -melumab; -melomab; -melamab; -melemab; -melimab; -meximab; -mezumab; -melaxomab; -mexizumab
ma(r): -marumab; -maromab; -maramab; -maremab; -marimab; -maximab; -mazumab; -maraxomab; -maxizumab
go(t), go(v): -gotumab; -gotomab; -gotamab; -gotemab; -gotimab; -gotaxomab; -govumab; -govomab; -govamab; -govemab; -govimab; -govaxomab; -goximab; -gozumab; -goxizumab
pr(o): -prumab; -promab; -pramab; -premab; -primab; -proximab; -prozumab; -praxomab; -proxizumab
tu(m): -tumumab; -tumomab; -tumamab; -tumemab; -tumimab; -tuximab; -tuzumab; -tumaxomab; -tuxizumab
neu(r): -neurumab; -neuromab; -neuramab; -neuremab; -neurimab; -neuximab; -neuzumab; -neuraxomab; -neuxizumab
tox(a): -toxumab; -toxomab; -toxamab; -toxemab; -toximab; -toxaximab; -toxazumab; -toxaxomab; -toxaxizumab
fu(ng): -fungumab; -fungomab; -fungamab; -fungemab; -fungimab; -fuximab; -fuzumab; -fungaxomab; -fuxizumab

Examples

Abciximab is a commonly used medication to prevent platelets from clumping together. It can be broken down into ab- + -ci(r)- + -xi- + -mab. Therefore, it is a chimeric monoclonal antibody used on the cardiovascular system.

Another example is the breast cancer medication trastuzumab, which can be broken down into tras- + -tu(m)- + -zu- + -mab. Therefore, it is a humanized monoclonal antibody used against a tumor.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d AMA (USAN) Monoclonal antibodies. United States Adopted Names (2007-08-07). Retrieved on 2007-08-15.
^ Guidelines on the Use of International Nonproprietary Names (INNs) for Pharmaceutical Substances (PDF) 27–28 (1997). Retrieved on 2007-08-15.

Categories: Monoclonal antibodies | Chemical nomenclature

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Nomenclature_of_monoclonal_antibodies". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.