Murashige and Skoog medium

Murashige and Skoog medium or (MSO or MS0 (MS-zero)) is a plant growth medium used in the laboratories for cultivation of plant cell culture. MSO was invented by plant scientists Toshio Murashige and Folke K Skoog during Murashige's search for a new plant growth regulator. It is the most commonly used medium in plant tissue culture experiments.

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Ingredients

Macronutrients

• Ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) 1,650 mg/l
• Boric acid (H₃BO₃) 6.2 mg/l
• Calcium chloride (CaCl₂ · 2H₂O) 440 mg/l
• Cobalt chloride (CoCl₂ · 6H₂O) 0.025 mg/l
• Magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄ · 7H₂O) 370 mg/l
• Cupric sulfate (CuSO₄ · 5H₂O) 0.025 mg/l
• Potassium phosphate (KH₂PO₄) 170 mg/l
• Ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄ · 7H₂O) 27.8 mg/l
• Potassium nitrate (KNO₃) 1,900 mg/l
• Manganese sulfate (MnSO₄ · 4H₂O) 22.3 mg/l
• Potassium iodide (KI) 0.83 mg/l
• Sodium molybdate (Na₂MoO₄ · 2H₂O) 0.25 mg/l
• Zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄ · 7H₂O) 8.6 mg/l
• Na₂EDTA · 2H₂Oa 37.2 mg/lb

Common organic additives

• i-Inositol 100 mg/l
• Niacin 0.5 mg/l
• Pyridoxine · HCl 0.5 mg/l
• Thiamine · HCl 0.1 mg/l
• IAA 1–30 mg/l
• Kinetin 0.04–10 mg/l
• Glycine (recrystallized) 2.0 g/l
• Edamine 1.0 g/l
• Sucrose 20 g/l
• Agar 10 g/l

References

• Murashige T and Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15(3): 473-497.