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Methyl groupIn chemistry, a methyl group is a hydrophobic alkyl functional group derived from methane (CH4). It has the formula -CH3 and is very often abbreviated as -Me in the structure of a molecule. This hydrocarbon unit can be found in many organic compounds. It is customarily written as H3C when on the left of a bond; for example, ethane is represented as H3C-CH3. Additional recommended knowledgeMethyl groups can be incorporated in organic compounds by an SN2 reaction on iodomethane, or by the reaction of methyl lithium or MeMgCl with a carbon atom that is substituted with a leaving group.
ReactivityThe introduction of methyl groups as new substituents in a compound usually increases the lipophilicity of the compound and reduces its water solubility. It should improve the ease of absorption of the analogue into a biological membrane but will make its release from biological membranes into the aqueous media more difficult. The incorporation of a methyl group can have one of three general effects on the rate of metabolism of an analogue:
Chemically, the reactivity of a methyl group depends partially on what it is attached to. For example, when a methyl group is part of an alkane, it is extremely unreactive and resists all but the strongest of acids, bases, oxidizing agents, and reducing agents. However, in the compound toluene, C6H5CH3, the methyl group is considerably more reactive due to the electron donating abilities of the ring. Electrophilic reagents are then able to attack the methyl group; for example, oxidation with permanganate converts the methyl group to carboxyl (-COOH), which produces benzoic acid. Methyl radicalThe methyl radical is the substance CH3 on its own, with an unpaired electron. Though it readily dimerizes to ethane, it is stable enough (unlike atomic hydrogen) to be observed as a dilute gas. It can be produced by thermal decomposition of certain compounds, especially those with a -N=N- linkage, which lose the extremely stable dinitrogen molecule on heating. See also
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Methyl_group". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia. |