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Martin Heinrich Klaproth



 

Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1 December 1743 – 1 January 1817) was a German chemist.

Klaproth was born at Wernigerode. During a large portion of his life he followed the profession of an apothecary. After acting as assistant in pharmacies at Quedlinburg, Hanover, Berlin and Danzig successively he came to Berlin on the death of Valentin Rose the Elder in 1771 as manager of his business, and in 1780 he started an establishment on his own account in the same city, where from 1782 he was pharmaceutical assessor of the Ober-Collegium Medicum. In 1787 he was appointed lecturer in chemistry to the Prussian Royal Artillery, and when the university was founded in 1810 he was selected to be the professor of chemistry. He died in Berlin. Klaproth was the leading chemist of his time in Germany.

An exact and conscientious worker, he did much to improve and systematize the processes of analytical chemistry and mineralogy, and his appreciation of the value of quantitative methods led him to become one of the earliest adherents of the Lavoisierian doctrines outside France. Klaproth found the element titanium in the ore rutile in 1791, believing it to be a new discovery, however, William Gregor is credited with the discovery of titanium, having found the metal in a different ore, (ilmenite), before Klaproth, although in the same year. He was the first to discover uranium and zirconium, and to characterize them as distinct elements, though he did not obtain any of them in the pure metallic state; and he elucidated the composition of numerous substances till then imperfectly known, including compounds of the then newly recognized elements: tellurium, strontium, cerium and chromium.

His papers, over 200 in number, were collected by himself in Beiträge zur chemischen Kenntnis der Mineralkörper (5 vols., 1795-1810) and Chemische Abhandlungen gemischten Inhalts (1815). He also published a Chemisches Wörterbuch (1807-1810), and edited a revised edition of F. A. C. Gren’s Handbuch der Chemie (1806).

Klaproth crater, on the Moon, is named after him.

His son Julius was a famous orientalist.


Initial text from a Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition. Please update as needed.


Persondata
NAME Klaproth, Martin Heinrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION German chemist
DATE OF BIRTH December 1 1743
PLACE OF BIRTH Wernigerode
DATE OF DEATH January 1 1817
PLACE OF DEATH Berlin
 
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.
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