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Minoxidil
Minoxidil is a vasodilator and was exclusively used as an oral drug (Loniten®) to treat high blood pressure. It was, however, discovered to have the interesting side-effect of hair growth and reversing baldness, and in the 1980s, Upjohn Corporation produced a topical solution that contained 2% minoxidil to be used to treat baldness and hair loss, under the brand name Rogaine in the United States, and Regaine outside the United States. Treatments usually include a 5% concentration solutions that are designed for men, whereas the 2% concentration solutions are designed for women. It is unknown how the drug stimulates hair growth. In 2007 a novel, foam-based formulation of 5% Minoxidil was shown to be an effective treatment of androgenetic alopecia without the usual side-effects of the topical solution. [1] Minoxidil is a "potassium channel agonist." It contains the chemical structure of nitric oxide (NO), a blood vessel dilator, and may be a nitric oxide agonist. This may explain minoxidil's ability to stimulate hair growth and treat hair loss. Since minoxidil is a nitric oxide-related compound, it was suspected to act via activation of guanylate cyclase, an enzyme involved in vasodilation, however there are no reports of cGMP or PKG activation to date. [2] Minoxidil is less effective when there is a large area of hair loss. In addition, its effectiveness has largely been demonstrated in younger men (18 to 41 years of age) and in those with balding in the central (vertex) portion of the scalp. [3] The patent on minoxidil expired on February 13, 1996.[4] Side-effectsAs a drug to combat hair loss, the most common side effect is itchy scalp. In some cases minoxidil may initially cause an increase in hair loss. There have been cases of allergic reactions to minoxidil or the non-active ingredient propylene glycol, which is found in some forms of the topical version, such as Rogaine. Large amounts of minoxidil can cause hypotension, and it has been found that using petroleum jelly or tretinoin on the scalp with minoxidil can cause too much of the drug absorption by the scalp, as can using the drug on sunburned scalps. If a person uses minoxidil to stop hair loss for a length of time and then stops taking the drug, hair loss will occur again. Other side-effects include:
It has also been found that the drug can be passed from a mother to a child via breast milk. See also
References
Categories: Piperidines | Pyrimidines | Vasodilators |
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Minoxidil". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia. |