List of thermal conductivities

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In physics, thermal conductivity, k, is the intensive property of a material that indicates its ability to conduct heat.

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It is defined as the quantity of heat, Q, transmitted in time t through a thickness L, in a direction normal to a surface of area A, due to a temperature difference ΔT, under steady state conditions and when the heat transfer is dependent only on the temperature gradient.

thermal conductivity = heat flow rate × distance / (area × temperature difference)

$k=\frac{Q}{t}\times\frac{L}{A\times\Delta T}$

This list makes up the data for the smaller list provided in Thermal conductivity.

Material	Thermal conductivity (W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹)	Temperature (K)	Electrical conductivity @ 293 K (Ω⁻¹·m⁻¹)	Notes
Diamond, pure synthetic	ⁱ2,000-ⁱ2,500	ⁱ293	(Lateral)ⁱ10⁻¹⁶ - (Ballistic)ⁱ10⁸⁺	(>99.9%¹²C)
Diamond, impure	^ad1,000	^a273	ⁱ~10⁻¹⁶	Type I (98.1% of Gem Diamonds) (C+0.1%N)
Silver, pure	^d406 - ^f418 - ^agi429	^agi300	^g61.35 - ⁱ63.01 × 10⁶	Highest electrical conductivity of any metal
Copper, pure	^d385 - ^f386 - ^e390 - ^gi401	^egi293	^g59.17 - ⁱ59.59 × 10⁶	IACS pure =1.7×10^-8Ω•m =58.82×10⁶Ω^-1•m^-1
Gold, pure	^d314 - ^fgi318	^gi300	ⁱ45.17 - ^g45.45 × 10⁶
Aluminium, pure	^d205 - ^f220 - ^egi237	^egi293	^g37.45 - ⁱ37.74 × 10⁶
Brass	^dg109 - ^f119 - ^f151 - ^g159	^g296	^g12.82 - ^g21.74 × 10⁶	(Cu+(37-15)%Zn)
Iron, pure	^f71.8 - ^d79.5 - ^a80.2 - ^gi80.4	^agi300	^g9.901 - ⁱ10.41 × 10⁶
Cast iron	^f55			(Fe+(2-4)%C+(1-3)%Si)
Carbon steel	^f36 - ^d50.2 - ^f54			(Fe+(1.5-0.5)%C)
Bronze	(^f(25%Sn)26) ^g42 - ^g50	^g296	^g5.882 - ^g7.143 × 10⁶	(Cu+11%Sn)
Lead, pure	^d34.7 - ^f35 - ^gi35.3	^gi300	ⁱ4.808 - ^g4.854 × 10⁶
Titanium, pure	^f15.6 - ^gi21.9	^gi300	^g1.852 - ⁱ2.381 × 10⁶
Stainless steel	^a14 - ^fgl25	^a273 - ^g296	^g1.389 - ^g1.429 × 10⁶	(Fe+18%Cr+8%Ni)
Titanium Alloy	^g5.8	^g296	^g0.595 × 10⁶	(Ti+6%Al+4%V)
Granite	^b1.73 - ^b3.98			(72%SiO₂+14%Al₂O₃+4%K₂O etc.)
Marble	^b2.07 - ^b2.94			Mostly CaCO₃
Thermal grease, silver-based	ⁱ2 - ⁱ3
Sandstone	^b1.83 - ^b2.90			~95-71%SiO₂
Ice	^d1.6 - ^e2.1 - ^a2.2	^e293 - ^a273
Limestone	^b1.26 - ^b1.33			Mostly CaCO₃
Concrete	^d0.8 - ^e1.28	^e293		~61-67%CaO
Glass	^d0.8−^e0.93(^g(96%SiO₂)1.2-1.4)	^e(g)293	10⁻¹⁴ - ^(g)10⁻¹² - 10⁻¹⁰	<1% Iron oxides
Fibre-reinforced plastics	^g0.23 - ^g0.7 - ^e1.06	^g296 - ^e293	^g10⁻¹⁵ - ^g10⁰	10-40%GF or CF
Soil	^c0.17 - ^c1.13
Water	^de0.6	^de293	5×(Pure)ⁱ10⁻⁶-(Sweet)ⁱ10^−3±1-(Sea)ⁱ1	<3%(NaCl+MgCl₂+CaCl₂)
High-Density Polymers	^g0.33 - ^g0.52	^g296	^g10⁻¹⁶ - ^g10²
Glycerol	^e0.29	^e293
Wood, +>=12% water	^h0.09091 - ^a0.16 - ^h0.21 - ^e0.4	^a298 - ^e293		^hSpecies-Variable
Low-Density Polymers	^g0.04 - ^e0.16 - ^e0.25 - ^g0.33	^g296 - ^e293	^g10⁻¹⁷ - ^g10⁰
Rubber (92%)	^a0.16	^a303	~10⁻¹³
Alcohols OR Oils	^e0.1 - ^e0.21	^e293
Wood, oven-dry	^d0.04 - ^h0.07692 - ^d0.12 - ^h0.17			^hCedar - ^hHickory
Snow, dry	^d0.11
Cork	^d0.04 - ^e0.07	^e293
Fiberglass OR Foam OR Wool	^e0.03 - ^d0.04 - ^e0.045	^e293
Expanded polystyrene	^ad0.033 - (^g(PS Only)0.1 - 0.13)	^a98-^a298-^(g)296	^(g)<10⁻¹⁴ - ^(g)10⁰	(PS+Air+CO₂+C_nH_2n+x)
Air	^d0.024 - ^e0.025 - ^a0.0262	^d273-^e293-^a300		(N+21%O+0.93%Ar+0.04%CO₂) (1 atm)
Oxygen, pure	^d0.0238 - ⁱ0.02658	^d293 - ⁱ300		(O₂) (1 atm)
Nitrogen, pure	^d0.0234 - ⁱ0.02583 - ^a0.026	^d293 - ^ai300		(N₂) (1 atm)
Silica Aerogel	^a0.003-ⁱ0.004-^k0.008-^k0.017-ⁱ0.03	^a98 - ^a298		Foamed Glass
Material	Thermal conductivity (W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹)	Temperature (K)	Electrical conductivity @ 293 K (Ω⁻¹·m⁻¹)	Notes

References

^a CRC handbook of chemistry and physics (subscription is required to access the data)

^b Marble Institute

^c Soil Sci Journals

^d Georgia State University - Hyperphysics

^e Hukseflux Thermal Sensors

^f Engineers Edge

^g GoodFellow

^h Physical Properties and Moisture Relations of Wood

ⁱ Other listings within Wikipedia references (this table may not be cited, pure elements are sourced from Chemical elements data references, otherwise an in-table linked-page must list the relevant references)

^j Clarity requires that no reference is to use this letter

^k Thermal Properties - Silica Aerogels

^l [1] Machinery's Handbook - properties of materials p404]

Heat Conduction Calculator

Thermal conductivity of air as a function of temperature can be found at James Ierardi's Fire Protection Engineering Site

List of thermal conductivities

Additional recommended knowledge

What is the Correct Way to Check Repeatability in Balances?

Weighing the right way

Better weighing performance in 6 easy steps

References

See also

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