List of thermal conductivities

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In physics, thermal conductivity, k, is the intensive property of a material that indicates its ability to conduct heat.

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It is defined as the quantity of heat, Q, transmitted in time t through a thickness L, in a direction normal to a surface of area A, due to a temperature difference ΔT, under steady state conditions and when the heat transfer is dependent only on the temperature gradient.

thermal conductivity = heat flow rate × distance / (area × temperature difference)

$k=\frac{Q}{t}\times\frac{L}{A\times\Delta T}$

This list makes up the data for the smaller list provided in Thermal conductivity.

Material	Thermal conductivity (W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹)	Temperature (K)	Electrical conductivity @ 293 K (Ω⁻¹·m⁻¹)	Notes
Diamond, pure synthetic	ⁱ2,000-ⁱ2,500	ⁱ293	(Lateral)ⁱ10⁻¹⁶ - (Ballistic)ⁱ10⁸⁺	(>99.9%¹²C)
Diamond, impure	^ad1,000	^a273	ⁱ~10⁻¹⁶	Type I (98.1% of Gem Diamonds) (C+0.1%N)
Silver, pure	^d406 - ^f418 - ^agi429	^agi300	^g61.35 - ⁱ63.01 × 10⁶	Highest electrical conductivity of any metal
Copper, pure	^d385 - ^f386 - ^e390 - ^gi401	^egi293	^g59.17 - ⁱ59.59 × 10⁶	IACS pure =1.7×10^-8Ω•m =58.82×10⁶Ω^-1•m^-1
Gold, pure	^d314 - ^fgi318	^gi300	ⁱ45.17 - ^g45.45 × 10⁶
Aluminium, pure	^d205 - ^f220 - ^egi237	^egi293	^g37.45 - ⁱ37.74 × 10⁶
Brass	^dg109 - ^f119 - ^f151 - ^g159	^g296	^g12.82 - ^g21.74 × 10⁶	(Cu+(37-15)%Zn)
Iron, pure	^f71.8 - ^d79.5 - ^a80.2 - ^gi80.4	^agi300	^g9.901 - ⁱ10.41 × 10⁶
Cast iron	^f55			(Fe+(2-4)%C+(1-3)%Si)
Carbon steel	^f36 - ^d50.2 - ^f54			(Fe+(1.5-0.5)%C)
Bronze	(^f(25%Sn)26) ^g42 - ^g50	^g296	^g5.882 - ^g7.143 × 10⁶	(Cu+11%Sn)
Lead, pure	^d34.7 - ^f35 - ^gi35.3	^gi300	ⁱ4.808 - ^g4.854 × 10⁶
Titanium, pure	^f15.6 - ^gi21.9	^gi300	^g1.852 - ⁱ2.381 × 10⁶
Stainless steel	^a14 - ^fgl25	^a273 - ^g296	^g1.389 - ^g1.429 × 10⁶	(Fe+18%Cr+8%Ni)
Titanium Alloy	^g5.8	^g296	^g0.595 × 10⁶	(Ti+6%Al+4%V)
Granite	^b1.73 - ^b3.98			(72%SiO₂+14%Al₂O₃+4%K₂O etc.)
Marble	^b2.07 - ^b2.94			Mostly CaCO₃
Thermal grease, silver-based	ⁱ2 - ⁱ3
Sandstone	^b1.83 - ^b2.90			~95-71%SiO₂
Ice	^d1.6 - ^e2.1 - ^a2.2	^e293 - ^a273
Limestone	^b1.26 - ^b1.33			Mostly CaCO₃
Concrete	^d0.8 - ^e1.28	^e293		~61-67%CaO
Glass	^d0.8−^e0.93(^g(96%SiO₂)1.2-1.4)	^e(g)293	10⁻¹⁴ - ^(g)10⁻¹² - 10⁻¹⁰	<1% Iron oxides
Fibre-reinforced plastics	^g0.23 - ^g0.7 - ^e1.06	^g296 - ^e293	^g10⁻¹⁵ - ^g10⁰	10-40%GF or CF
Soil	^c0.17 - ^c1.13
Water	^de0.6	^de293	5×(Pure)ⁱ10⁻⁶-(Sweet)ⁱ10^−3±1-(Sea)ⁱ1	<3%(NaCl+MgCl₂+CaCl₂)
High-Density Polymers	^g0.33 - ^g0.52	^g296	^g10⁻¹⁶ - ^g10²
Glycerol	^e0.29	^e293
Wood, +>=12% water	^h0.09091 - ^a0.16 - ^h0.21 - ^e0.4	^a298 - ^e293		^hSpecies-Variable
Low-Density Polymers	^g0.04 - ^e0.16 - ^e0.25 - ^g0.33	^g296 - ^e293	^g10⁻¹⁷ - ^g10⁰
Rubber (92%)	^a0.16	^a303	~10⁻¹³
Alcohols OR Oils	^e0.1 - ^e0.21	^e293
Wood, oven-dry	^d0.04 - ^h0.07692 - ^d0.12 - ^h0.17			^hCedar - ^hHickory
Snow, dry	^d0.11
Cork	^d0.04 - ^e0.07	^e293
Fiberglass OR Foam OR Wool	^e0.03 - ^d0.04 - ^e0.045	^e293
Expanded polystyrene	^ad0.033 - (^g(PS Only)0.1 - 0.13)	^a98-^a298-^(g)296	^(g)<10⁻¹⁴ - ^(g)10⁰	(PS+Air+CO₂+C_nH_2n+x)
Air	^d0.024 - ^e0.025 - ^a0.0262	^d273-^e293-^a300		(N+21%O+0.93%Ar+0.04%CO₂) (1 atm)
Oxygen, pure	^d0.0238 - ⁱ0.02658	^d293 - ⁱ300		(O₂) (1 atm)
Nitrogen, pure	^d0.0234 - ⁱ0.02583 - ^a0.026	^d293 - ^ai300		(N₂) (1 atm)
Silica Aerogel	^a0.003-ⁱ0.004-^k0.008-^k0.017-ⁱ0.03	^a98 - ^a298		Foamed Glass
Material	Thermal conductivity (W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹)	Temperature (K)	Electrical conductivity @ 293 K (Ω⁻¹·m⁻¹)	Notes

References

^a CRC handbook of chemistry and physics (subscription is required to access the data)

^b Marble Institute

^c Soil Sci Journals

^d Georgia State University - Hyperphysics

^e Hukseflux Thermal Sensors

^f Engineers Edge

^g GoodFellow

^h Physical Properties and Moisture Relations of Wood

ⁱ Other listings within Wikipedia references (this table may not be cited, pure elements are sourced from Chemical elements data references, otherwise an in-table linked-page must list the relevant references)

^j Clarity requires that no reference is to use this letter

^k Thermal Properties - Silica Aerogels

^l [1] Machinery's Handbook - properties of materials p404]

Heat Conduction Calculator

Thermal conductivity of air as a function of temperature can be found at James Ierardi's Fire Protection Engineering Site

List of thermal conductivities

Additional recommended knowledge

Better weighing performance in 6 easy steps

How to quickly check pipettes?

Recognize and detect the effects of electrostatic charges on your balance

References

See also

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