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List_of_genetic_results_derived_from_historical_figures

List of genetic results derived from historical figures

This is a list of genetic results derived from historical figures. Some people who trace their direct maternal or paternal ancestry to a noted historical figure have undergone genealogical DNA tests and have made their results publicly available.

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Y DNA results

These results are Y-DNA genealogical DNA tests of men who have inferred paternal descent from historical figures. Scientists make the inference as a hypothesis which could be disproved or improved by future research.

John Adams

John Adams belonged to Y-DNA haplogroup R1b. [1]

Alexander Hamilton

Alexander Hamilton belonged to Y-DNA haplogroup I1a. [2] [3]

Thomas Jefferson

Main article: Jefferson DNA data

Direct male-line sons of a cousin of United States president Thomas Jefferson were DNA tested to investigate historical assertions that Jefferson fathered children with at least one of his slaves.^[1] An extended 17-marker haplotype was published in 2007,^[2] and the company Family Tree DNA has also published results for other markers in its standard first 12-marker panel.^[3] Combining these sources gives the consolidated 21-marker haplotype below. The Jeffersons belong to Haplogroup K2.

DYS	393	390	19	391	385a	385b	426	388	439	389i	392	389ii	437	460	438	461	462	436	434	435	DXYS 156Y
Alleles	13	24	15	10	13	16	11	12	12	12	15	27	14	10	9	11	13	12	11	11	12

(Note: the value of DXYS 156Y was reported as 7 in the original paper. This is believed to translate to 12 in the convention now used by DNA testing labs and online databases)

Ysearch: Q8UXG (9 Y-STRs)

Genghis Khan

Main article: Descent from Genghis Khan

DNA purported to be from Genghis Khan does not have the benefit of near and easily documented lineages, but a distinct 'modal' result centers today on Mongolia; some question how accurate the articles relaying the information are.

According to Zerjal et al (2003),^[4] Genghis Khan is believed to have belonged to Haplogroup C.

DYS	393	390	391	425	426	434	435	436	437i	438	439	388	389i	389ii	392
Alleles	13	25	10	12	11	11	11	12	8	10	10	14	10	26	1

According to Family Tree DNA,^[5] Genghis Khan is believed to have belonged to Haplogroup C3.

Extended 25 Marker Y-DNA modal based on Mongolians matching the above modal haplotype in the Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation database,^[6] which also corresponds to the modal assigned to Genghis Khan released by Family Tree DNA:^[5]

DYS	393	390	19	391	385a	385b	426	388	439	389i	392	389ii	458	459a	459b	455	454	447	437	448	449	464a	464b	464c	464d
Alleles	13	25	16	10	12	13	11	14	10	13	11	29	18	8	8	11	12	26	14	22	27	11	11	12	16

Ysearch: GF44B (78 Y-STRs)

Niall of the Nine Hostages

Main article: Niall of the Nine Hostages

A recent study conducted at Trinity College Dublin, Ireland^[7] found that a striking percentage of men in Ireland (and quite a few in Scotland) share the same Y chromosome, suggesting that the 5th-century warlord known as "Niall of the Nine Hostages" may be the ancestor of one in 12 Irishmen. Niall established a dynasty of powerful chieftains that dominated the island for six centuries. Niall belongs to Haplogroup R1b1c7 (M222). It should be noted that Dr. Moore's results examined some different parts of DNA (loci) from the result given here.

DYS	393	390	19	391	385a	385b	426	388	439	389i	392	389ii	458	459a	459b	455	454	447	437	448	449	464a	464b	464c	464d
Alleles	13	25	14	11	11	13	12	12	12	13	14	29	17	9	10	11	11	25	15	18	30	15	16	16	17

Ysearch: M5UKQ

Somerled

Main article: Somerled

In 2003 Oxford University researchers traced the Y-chromosome signature of Somerled of Argyll, one of Scotland's greatest warriors who is credited with driving out the Vikings. He was also the founder of Clan Donald and it is through the clan genealogies of the clan that the genetic relation was mapped out.^[8] Somerled belongs to haplogroup R1a1.

In 2005 a study by Professor of Human Genetics Bryan Sykes of Oxford University led to the conclusion that Somerled has possibly 500,000 living descendants - making him the second most common historical ancestor after Genghis Khan^[9]

The Y-DNA sequence is as follows (12 markers): [4]

DYS	393	390	19	391	385a	385b	426	388	439	389i	392	389ii	458	459a	459b	455	454	447	437	448	449	464a	464b	464c	464d
Alleles	13	25	15	11	11	14	12	12	10	14	11	31	16	8	10	11	11	23	14	20	31	12	15	15	16

Ysearch: YS495

Joseph Stalin

Main article: Joseph Stalin

Joseph Stalin, from a genetic test on his grandson (his son Vasily's son; Alexander Burdonsky) shows his Y-DNA haplogroup to be G2a1 [5]

DYS	393	390	19	391	385A	385B	426	388	439	389I	392	389II	458	459A	459B	455	454	447	437	448	449	464A	464B	464C	464D
Alleles	14	23	15	9	15	16	11	12	11	11	10	28	17	9	9	11	11	25	16	21	28	13	13	14	14

Ysearch: GF44B

mtDNA results

The following are mtDNA results for historical figures who have had mitochondrial DNA tested.

Jesse James

In 1995 the body of Jesse James was exhumed and compared to two known living relatives, making a perfect match on both counts.

Name	mitochondrial DNA sequence	Haplogroup
body attributed to Jesse James	16126C, 16274A, 16294T, 16296T, 16304C	T2

Luke the Evangelist

A body attributed to Luke the Evangelist that resides in Padua, Italy, underwent a mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) test:

Name	Location	Approximate lifetime	mitochondrial DNA sequence	Haplogroup
body attributed to Luke the Evangelist	Italy	1,850 years ago	16235G, 16291T	H

Marie Antoinette

DNA taken from a lock of Marie Antoinettes hair cut from her as a child matched DNA believed to be from her son, King Louis XVII

Name	mitochondrial DNA sequence	Haplogroup
DNA attributed to Marie Antoinette	16519C, 152C, 194T, 263G, 315.1C	H

Petrarch

The remains of Francesco Petrarca had DNA extracted from them in 2003.

Name	mitochondrial DNA sequence	Haplogroup
body attributed to Petrarch	16126C, 16193T, 16311C	J2

Romanov: Tzar Nicholas II of Russia and Empress Alexandra Fyodorovna

Main articles: Alexandra Fyodorovna of Hesse and Nicholas II of Russia

Tzar Nicholas II of Russia and Empress Alexandra Fyodorovna were DNA tested along with the other bodies in their mass grave. The tests concluded that five of the skeletons were members of one family and four were unrelated. Three of the five were determined to be the children of two parents. The mother was linked to the British royal family, as was Alexandra. The father was determined to be related to several other Romanovs. Scientists said they were more than 99% sure that the remains were those of the Czar, his family and their attendants. Two skeletons remain unaccounted for: Alexei, the 13-year-old heir to the throne, and one of his sisters, either Maria or Anastasia. Anastasia received worldwide notoriety when rumors spread that she alone had survived the murders.

Tzar Nicholas Romanov & Count Trubetskoy: mtDNA Haplogroup T (16126C, 16169Y*, 16294T, 16296T, 73G, 263G, 315.1C)
Empress Alexandra & Prince Philip: mtDNA Haplogroup H (16111T, 16357C, 263G, 315.1C)

*Tsar Nicholas has a heteroplasmy, an instance of multiple mitochondrial types together in one cell of an individual: a normal & mutational cell, at 16169Y. The results were the same for Grand Duke Georgij Romanov, his brother.

Yasdigird the Sasanian, King of Persia

Yasdigird has potentially been shown to belong to mtDNA haplogroup J1a [6]

References

^ Foster, EA; Jobling MA, Taylor PG, Donnelly P, de Knijff P, Mieremet R, Zerjal T, Tyler-Smith C (1998). "Jefferson fathered slave’s last child". Nature 396 (6706): 27–28. doi:10.1038/23835. PMID 9817200.
^ King, TE; Bowden GR, Balaresque PL, Adams SM, Shanks ME, Jobling MA (2007). "Thomas Jefferson's Y chromosome belongs to a rare European lineage". Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 132 (4): 584–9. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20557. PMID 17274013.
^ Family Tree DNA. Comparing yourself to the Jefferson DNA. Retrieved on 2007-05-16.
^ Zerjal, T; Xue Y, Bertorelle G, Wells RS, Bao W, Zhu S, Qamar R, Ayub Q, Mohyuddin A, Fu S, Li P, Yuldasheva N, Ruzibakiev R, Xu J, Shu Q, Du R, Yang H, Hurles ME, Robinson E, Gerelsaikhan T, Dashnyam B, Mehdi SQ, Tyler-Smith C (2003). "The Genetic Legacy of the Mongols". American Journal of Human Genetics 72 (3): 717-21. PMID 12592608.
^ ^a ^b Family Tree DNA. Matching Genghis Khan. Retrieved on 2007-05-16.
^ SMGF: Genghis Khan modal haplotype search results.
^ Moore LT, McEvoy B, Cape E, Simms K, Bradley DG (2006). "A y-chromosome signature of hegemony in gaelic ireland". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 78 (2): 334-8. doi:10.1086/500055. PMID 16358217.
^ The Norse Code
^ DNA shows Celtic hero Somerled's Viking roots, The Scotsman, 26 Apr 2006