List of IARC Group 2A carcinogens

Substances, mixtures and exposure circumstances in this list have been classified by the IARC as Group 2A: The agent (mixture) is probably carcinogenic to humans. The exposure circumstance entails exposures that are probably carcinogenic to humans. This category is used when there is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. In some cases, an agent (mixture) may be classified in this category when there is inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals and strong evidence that the carcinogenesis is mediated by a mechanism that also operates in humans. Exceptionally, an agent, mixture or exposure circumstance may be classified in this category solely on the basis of limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. Further details can be found in the IARC Monographs.

Agents and groups of agents

• Acrylamide
• Adriamycin
• Androgenic (anabolic) steroids
• Aristolochic acids (naturally occurring mixtures of)
• Azacitidine
• Benz[a]anthracene
• Benzidine-based dyes
• Benzo[a]pyrene
• BCNU (Bischloroethyl nitrosourea)
• 1,3-Butadiene
• Captafol
• Chloramphenicol
• α-Chlorinated toluenes (benzal chloride, benzotrichloride, benzyl chloride) and benzoyl chloride (combined exposures)
• CCNU (1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea)
• 4-Chloro-ortho-toluidine
• Chlorozotocin
• Cisplatin
• Clonorchis sinensis (infection with)
• Dibenz[a,h]anthracene
• Diethyl sulfate
• Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride
• 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine
• Dimethyl sulfate
• Epichlorohydrin
• Ethylene dibromide
• N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea
• Etoposide
• Glycidol
• Human papillomavirus type 31
• Human papillomavirus type 33
• Indium phosphide
• 2-Amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ)
• Lead compounds, inorganic
• Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8
• 5-Methoxypsoralen
• MOCA (4,4´-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline))
• Methyl methanesulfonate
• MNNG (N-Methyl-N´-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine)
• N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea
• Nitrogen mustard
• N-Nitrosodiethylamine (DEN)
• N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)
• Phenacetin
• Procarbazine hydrochloride
• Propyl gallate
• Styrene-7,8-oxide
• Teniposide
• Tetrachloroethylene
• ortho-Toluidine
• Trichloroethylene
• 1,2,3-Trichloropropane
• Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate
• Ultraviolet radiation A
• Ultraviolet radiation B
• Ultraviolet radiation C
• Vinyl bromide
• Vinyl fluoride

Mixtures

• Creosotes (from coal tars)
• Diesel engine exhaust
• Hot mate
• Non-arsenical insecticides (occupational exposures in spraying and application of)
• Polychlorinated biphenyls

Exposure circumstances

• Art glass, glass containers and pressed ware (manufacture of)
• Cobalt metal with tungsten carbide
• Hairdresser or barber (occupational exposure as a)
• Petroleum refining (occupational exposures in)
• Sunlamps and sunbeds/tanning beds (use of)