Karol Olszewski

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Karol Stanisław Olszewski (b. January 29, 1846 in Broniszów - March 24, 1915 in Krakau, Austrian-Hungarian Empire (since 1919 Kraków, Poland)) was an Austrian-born Polish chemist, mathematician and physicist.

Olszewski studied at the Jagiellonian University in Krakau in the Departments of Mathematics and Physics, and of Chemistry and Biology. He carried out his first experiments using a personally improved compressor, condensing and compressing carbon dioxide. He defended his doctoral dissertation at University of Heidelberg, after which he returned to Krakau where he obtained the title of extraordinary professor (associate professor).

In 1883 Olszewski, Zygmunt Wróblewski and Karol Sitarski were the first to liquefy oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in a stable state (not, as had been the case up to then, in a dynamic state in the transitional form as vapor).