The alkali earth metal Strontium (Sr) has four stable, naturally occurring isotopes:
84Sr (0.56%), 86Sr (9.86%), 87Sr (7.0%) and 88Sr (82.58%). Only 87Sr is radiogenic; it is produced by decay from the radioactive alkali metal 87Rb, which has a half-life of 4.88 × 1010 years. Thus, there are two sources of 87Sr in any material: that formed during primordial nucleo-synthesis along with 84Sr, 86Sr and 88Sr, as well as that formed by radioactive decay of 87Rb. The ratio 87Sr/86Sr is the parameter typically reported in geologic investigations; ratios in minerals and rocks have values ranging from about 0.7 to greater than 4.0. Because strontium has an atomic radius similar to that of calcium, it readily substitutes for Ca in minerals.
Additional recommended knowledge
Sixteen unstable isotopes are known to exist. Of greatest importance is 90Sr with a half-life of 28.78 years. It is a by-product of nuclear fission which is found in nuclear fallout and presents a health problem since it substitutes for calcium in bone, preventing expulsion from the body. This isotope is one of the best long-lived high-energy beta emitters known, and is used in SNAP (Systems for Nuclear Auxiliary Power) devices. These devices hold promise for use in spacecraft, remote weather stations, navigational buoys, etc, where a lightweight, long-lived, nuclear-electric power source is required. The 1986 Chernobyl nuclear accident contaminated a vast area with 90Sr.
Standard atomic mass: 87.62(1) u
Table
nuclide symbol
| Z(p)
| N(n)
| isotopic mass (u)
| half-life
| nuclear spin
| representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)
| range of natural variation (mole fraction)
|
excitation energy
|
73Sr
| 38
| 35
| 72.96597(64)#
| >25 ms
| 1/2-#
|
|
|
74Sr
| 38
| 36
| 73.95631(54)#
| 50# ms [>1.5 µs]
| 0+
|
|
|
75Sr
| 38
| 37
| 74.94995(24)
| 88(3) ms
| (3/2-)
|
|
|
76Sr
| 38
| 38
| 75.94177(4)
| 7.89(7) s
| 0+
|
|
|
77Sr
| 38
| 39
| 76.937945(10)
| 9.0(2) s
| 5/2+
|
|
|
78Sr
| 38
| 40
| 77.932180(8)
| 159(8) s
| 0+
|
|
|
79Sr
| 38
| 41
| 78.929708(9)
| 2.25(10) min
| 3/2(-)
|
|
|
80Sr
| 38
| 42
| 79.924521(7)
| 106.3(15) min
| 0+
|
|
|
81Sr
| 38
| 43
| 80.923212(7)
| 22.3(4) min
| 1/2-
|
|
|
82Sr
| 38
| 44
| 81.918402(6)
| 25.36(3) d
| 0+
|
|
|
83Sr
| 38
| 45
| 82.917557(11)
| 32.41(3) h
| 7/2+
|
|
|
83mSr
| 259.15(9) keV
| 4.95(12) s
| 1/2-
|
|
|
84Sr
| 38
| 46
| 83.913425(3)
| STABLE
| 0+
| 0.0056(1)
| 0.0055-0.0058
|
85Sr
| 38
| 47
| 84.912933(3)
| 64.853(8) d
| 9/2+
|
|
|
85mSr
| 238.66(6) keV
| 67.63(4) min
| 1/2-
|
|
|
86Sr
| 38
| 48
| 85.9092602(12)
| STABLE
| 0+
| 0.0986(1)
| 0.0975-0.0999
|
86mSr
| 2955.68(21) keV
| 455(7) ns
| 8+
|
|
|
87Sr
| 38
| 49
| 86.9088771(12)
| STABLE
| 9/2+
| 0.0700(1)
| 0.0694-0.0714
|
87mSr
| 388.533(3) keV
| 2.815(12) h
| 1/2-
|
|
|
88Sr
| 38
| 50
| 87.9056121(12)
| STABLE
| 0+
| 0.8258(1)
| 0.8229-0.8275
|
89Sr
| 38
| 51
| 88.9074507(12)
| 50.57(3) d
| 5/2+
|
|
|
90Sr
| 38
| 52
| 89.907738(3)
| 28.90(3) a
| 0+
|
|
|
91Sr
| 38
| 53
| 90.910203(5)
| 9.63(5) h
| 5/2+
|
|
|
92Sr
| 38
| 54
| 91.911038(4)
| 2.66(4) h
| 0+
|
|
|
93Sr
| 38
| 55
| 92.914026(8)
| 7.423(24) min
| 5/2+
|
|
|
94Sr
| 38
| 56
| 93.915361(8)
| 75.3(2) s
| 0+
|
|
|
95Sr
| 38
| 57
| 94.919359(8)
| 23.90(14) s
| 1/2+
|
|
|
96Sr
| 38
| 58
| 95.921697(29)
| 1.07(1) s
| 0+
|
|
|
97Sr
| 38
| 59
| 96.926153(21)
| 429(5) ms
| 1/2+
|
|
|
97m1Sr
| 308.13(11) keV
| 170(10) ns
| (7/2)+
|
|
|
97m2Sr
| 830.8(2) keV
| 255(10) ns
| (11/2-)#
|
|
|
98Sr
| 38
| 60
| 97.928453(28)
| 0.653(2) s
| 0+
|
|
|
99Sr
| 38
| 61
| 98.93324(9)
| 0.269(1) s
| 3/2+
|
|
|
100Sr
| 38
| 62
| 99.93535(14)
| 202(3) ms
| 0+
|
|
|
101Sr
| 38
| 63
| 100.94052(13)
| 118(3) ms
| (5/2-)
|
|
|
102Sr
| 38
| 64
| 101.94302(12)
| 69(6) ms
| 0+
|
|
|
103Sr
| 38
| 65
| 102.94895(54)#
| 50# ms [>300 ns]
|
|
|
|
104Sr
| 38
| 66
| 103.95233(75)#
| 30# ms [>300 ns]
| 0+
|
|
|
105Sr
| 38
| 67
| 104.95858(75)#
| 20# ms [>300 ns]
|
|
|
|
Notes
- Evaluated isotopic composition is for most but not all commercial samples.
- The precision of the isotope abundances and atomic mass is limited through variations. The given ranges should be applicable to any normal terrestrial material.
- Geologically exceptional samples are known in which the isotopic composition lies outside the reported range. The uncertainty in the atomic mass may exceed the stated value for such specimens.
- Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
- Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC which use expanded uncertainties.
References
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
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