Naturally occurring Chromium (Cr) is composed of three stable isotopes; 52Cr, 53Cr, and 54Cr with 52Cr being the most abundant (83.789% natural abundance). Nineteen radioisotopes have been characterized with the most stable being 50Cr with a half-life of (more than) 1.8x1017 years, and 51Cr with a half-life of 27.7 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 24 hours and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 1 minute. This element also has 2 meta states.
Additional recommended knowledge
53Cr is the radiogenic decay product of 53Mn. Chromium isotopic contents are typically combined with manganese isotopic contents and have found application in isotope geology. Mn-Cr isotope ratios reinforce the evidence from 26Al and 107Pd for the early history of the solar system. Variations in 53Cr/52Cr and Mn/Cr ratios from several meteorites indicate an initial 53Mn/55Mn ratio that suggests Mn-Cr isotope systematics must result from in-situ decay of 53Mn in differentiated planetary bodies. Hence 53Cr provides additional evidence for nucleosynthetic processes immediately before coalescence of the solar system.
The isotopes of chromium range in atomic weight from 43 u (43Cr) to 67 u (67Cr). The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, 52Cr, is electron capture and the primary mode after is beta decay.
Standard atomic mass: 51.9961(6) u
Table
nuclide symbol
| Z(p)
| N(n)
| isotopic mass (u)
| half-life
| nuclear spin
| representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)
| range of natural variation (mole fraction)
|
excitation energy
|
42Cr
| 24
| 18
| 42.00643(32)#
| 14(3) ms [13(+4-2) ms]
| 0+
|
|
|
43Cr
| 24
| 19
| 42.99771(24)#
| 21.6(7) ms
| (3/2+)
|
|
|
44Cr
| 24
| 20
| 43.98555(5)#
| 54(4) ms [53(+4-3) ms]
| 0+
|
|
|
45Cr
| 24
| 21
| 44.97964(54)
| 50(6) ms
| 7/2-#
|
|
|
45mCr
| 50(100)# keV
| 1# ms
| 3/2+#
|
|
|
46Cr
| 24
| 22
| 45.968359(21)
| 0.26(6) s
| 0+
|
|
|
47Cr
| 24
| 23
| 46.962900(15)
| 500(15) ms
| 3/2-
|
|
|
48Cr
| 24
| 24
| 47.954032(8)
| 21.56(3) h
| 0+
|
|
|
49Cr
| 24
| 25
| 48.9513357(26)
| 42.3(1) min
| 5/2-
|
|
|
50Cr
| 24
| 26
| 49.9460442(11)
| STABLE [>1.3E+18 a]
| 0+
| 0.04345(13)
| 0.04294-0.04345
|
51Cr
| 24
| 27
| 50.9447674(11)
| 27.7025(24) d
| 7/2-
|
|
|
52Cr
| 24
| 28
| 51.9405075(8)
| STABLE
| 0+
| 0.83789(18)
| 0.83762-0.83790
|
53Cr
| 24
| 29
| 52.9406494(8)
| STABLE
| 3/2-
| 0.09501(17)
| 0.09501-0.09553
|
54Cr
| 24
| 30
| 53.9388804(8)
| STABLE
| 0+
| 0.02365(7)
| 0.02365-0.02391
|
55Cr
| 24
| 31
| 54.9408397(8)
| 3.497(3) min
| 3/2-
|
|
|
56Cr
| 24
| 32
| 55.9406531(20)
| 5.94(10) min
| 0+
|
|
|
57Cr
| 24
| 33
| 56.943613(2)
| 21.1(10) s
| (3/2-)
|
|
|
58Cr
| 24
| 34
| 57.94435(22)
| 7.0(3) s
| 0+
|
|
|
59Cr
| 24
| 35
| 58.94859(26)
| 460(50) ms
| 5/2-#
|
|
|
59mCr
| 503.0(17) keV
| 96(20) µs
| (9/2+)
|
|
|
60Cr
| 24
| 36
| 59.95008(23)
| 560(60) ms
| 0+
|
|
|
61Cr
| 24
| 37
| 60.95472(27)
| 261(15) ms
| 5/2-#
|
|
|
62Cr
| 24
| 38
| 61.95661(36)
| 199(9) ms
| 0+
|
|
|
63Cr
| 24
| 39
| 62.96186(32)#
| 129(2) ms
| (1/2-)#
|
|
|
64Cr
| 24
| 40
| 63.96441(43)#
| 43(1) ms
| 0+
|
|
|
65Cr
| 24
| 41
| 64.97016(54)#
| 27(3) ms
| (1/2-)#
|
|
|
66Cr
| 24
| 42
| 65.97338(64)#
| 10(6) ms
| 0+
|
|
|
67Cr
| 24
| 43
| 66.97955(75)#
| 10# ms [>300 ns]
| 1/2-#
|
|
|
Notes
- Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
- Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC which use expanded uncertainties.
References
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
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