Interleukin 33

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Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is a cytokine belonging to the IL-1 superfamily. IL-33 induces helper T cells to produce type 2 cytokines. This cytokine was previously named NF-HEV 'nuclear factor (NF) in high endothelial venules' (HEVs) since it was originally identified in these specialized cells.^[1] IL-33 mediates its biological effects by interacting with the receptors ST2 and IL-1 Receptor Accessory Protein, activating intracellular molecules in the NF-κB and MAP kinase signaling pathways that drive production of type 2 cytokines (e.g. IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13) from polarized Th₂ cells. The induction of type 2 cytokines by IL-33 in vivo is believed to induce the the severe pathological changes observed in mucosal organs following administration of IL-33.^{[2] [3]}

References

1. ^ E.S. Baekkevold et al., Molecular characterization of NF-HEV, a nuclear factor preferentially expressed in human high endothelial venules. American Journal of Patholology, 2003, Volume 163, pages 69-79.
2. ^ J. Schmitz et al., IL-33, an interleukin-1-like cytokine that signals via the IL-1 receptor-related protein ST2 and induces T helper type 2-associated cytokines. Immunity, 2005 Volume 23, pages 479-90.
3. ^ A. Chackerian et al,IL-1 Receptor Accessory Protein and ST2 Comprise the IL-33 Receptor Complex. The Journal of Immunology, 2007 Volume 179(4), pages 2551-5.