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Heterotrimeric G protein"G protein" usually refers to the membrane-associated heterotrimeric G proteins, sometimes referred to as the "large" G proteins. These proteins are activated by G protein-coupled receptors and are made up of alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) subunits.[1] Additional recommended knowledge
Alpha subunitsGα subunits consist of two domains, the GTPase domain, and the alpha-helical domain. There exist at least 20 different Gα subunits, which are separated into several main families:
Beta-gamma complexThe β and γ subunits are closely bound to one another and are referred to as the beta-gamma complex. The Gβγ complex is released from the Gα subunit after its GDP-GTP exchange. FunctionThe free Gβγ complex can act as a signaling molecule itself, by activating other second messengers or by gating ion channels directly. For example, the Gβγ complex, when bound to histamine receptors, can activate phospholipase A2. Gβγ complexes bound to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, on the other hand, directly open G-protein coupled inward rectifying potassium channels (GIRKs). They can also activate L-type calcium channels, as in H3 receptor pharmacology. Genes
References
Categories: G proteins | Peripheral membrane proteins |
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Heterotrimeric_G_protein". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia. |