Heats of vaporization of the elements (data page)
<< Chemical elements data references
Additional recommended knowledge
Heat of vaporization
| | kJ/mol
|
| 1 H hydrogen (H2)
|
| use | (H2) 0.904
|
| CRC | (H2) 0.90
|
| LNG | 0.904
|
| 2 He helium
|
| use | 0.0829
|
| CRC | 0.08
|
| LNG | 0.0829
|
| WEL | 0.083
|
| 3 Li lithium
|
| use | 147.1
|
| LNG | 147.1
|
| WEL | 147
|
| 4 Be beryllium
|
| use | 297
|
| LNG | 297
|
| WEL | 297
|
| 5 B boron
|
| use | 480
|
| CRC | 480
|
| LNG | 480
|
| WEL | 507
|
| 6 C carbon
|
| use |
|
| WEL | (sublimation) 715
|
| 7 N nitrogen (N2)
|
| use | (N2) 5.57
|
| CRC | (N2) 5.57
|
| LNG | (N2) 5.577
|
| WEL | (per mole N atoms) 2.79
|
| 8 O oxygen (O2)
|
| use | (O2) 6.82
|
| CRC | (O2) 6.82
|
| LNG | (O2) 6.820
|
| WEL | (per mole O atoms) 3.41
|
| 9 F fluorine (F2)
|
| use | (F2) 6.62
|
| CRC | (F2) 6.62
|
| LNG | (F2) 6.62
|
| WEL | (per mole F atoms) 3.27
|
| 10 Ne neon
|
| use | 1.71
|
| CRC | 1.71
|
| LNG | 1.71
|
| WEL | 1.75
|
| 11 Na sodium
|
| use | 97.42
|
| LNG | 97.42
|
| WEL | 97.7
|
| 12 Mg magnesium
|
| use | 128
|
| LNG | 128
|
| WEL | 128
|
| 13 Al aluminium
|
| use | 294.0
|
| CRC | 294
|
| LNG | 294.0
|
| WEL | 293
|
| 14 Si silicon
|
| use | 359
|
| LNG | 359
|
| WEL | 359
|
| 15 P phosphorus
|
| use | 12.4
|
| CRC | 12.4
|
| LNG | 12.4
|
| WEL | 12.4
|
| 16 S sulfur
|
| use | (mono) 45
|
| CRC | 45
|
| LNG | (mono) 45
|
| WEL | 9.8
|
| 17 Cl chlorine (Cl2)
|
| use | (Cl2) 20.41
|
| CRC | (Cl2) 20.41
|
| LNG | (Cl2) 20.41
|
| WEL | (per mole Cl atoms) 10.2
|
| 18 Ar argon
|
| use | 6.43
|
| CRC | 6.43
|
| LNG | 6.43
|
| WEL | 6.5
|
| 19 K potassium
|
| use | 76.90
|
| LNG | 76.90
|
| WEL | 76.9
|
| 20 Ca calcium
|
| use | 154.7
|
| LNG | 154.7
|
| WEL | 155
|
| 21 Sc scandium
|
| use | 332.7
|
| LNG | 332.7
|
| WEL | 318
|
| 22 Ti titanium
|
| use | 425
|
| LNG | 425
|
| WEL | 425
|
| 23 V vanadium
|
| use | 459
|
| LNG | 459
|
| WEL | 453
|
| 24 Cr chromium
|
| use | 339.5
|
| LNG | 339.5
|
| WEL | 339
|
| 25 Mn manganese
|
| use | 221
|
| LNG | 221
|
| WEL | 220
|
| 26 Fe iron
|
| use | 340
|
| LNG | 340
|
| WEL | 347
|
| 27 Co cobalt
|
| use | 377
|
| LNG | 377
|
| WEL | 375
|
| 28 Ni nickel
|
| use | 377.5
|
| LNG | 377.5
|
| WEL | 378
|
| 29 Cu copper
|
| use | 300.4
|
| LNG | 300.4
|
| WEL | 300
|
| 30 Zn zinc
|
| use | 123.6
|
| LNG | 123.6
|
| WEL | 119
|
| 31 Ga gallium
|
| use | 254
|
| CRC | 254
|
| LNG | 254
|
| WEL | 256
|
| 32 Ge germanium
|
| use | 334
|
| CRC | 334
|
| LNG | 334
|
| WEL | 334
|
| 33 As arsenic
|
| use |
|
| WEL | 32.4 (sublimation)
|
| 34 Se selenium
|
| use | 95.48
|
| CRC | 95.48
|
| LNG | 95.48
|
| WEL | 26
|
| 35 Br bromine (Br2)
|
| use | (Br2) 29.96
|
| CRC | (Br2) 29.96
|
| LNG | (Br2) 29.96
|
| WEL | (per mole Br atoms) 14.8
|
| 36 Kr krypton
|
| use | 9.08
|
| CRC | 9.08
|
| LNG | 9.08
|
| WEL | 9.02
|
| 37 Rb rubidium
|
| use | 75.77
|
| LNG | 75.77
|
| WEL | 72
|
| 38 Sr strontium
|
| use | 136.9
|
| LNG | 136.9
|
| WEL | 137
|
| 39 Y yttrium
|
| use | 365
|
| LNG | 365
|
| WEL | 380
|
| 40 Zr zirconium
|
| use | 573
|
| LNG | 573
|
| WEL | 580
|
| 41 Nb niobium
|
| use | 689.9
|
| LNG | 689.9
|
| WEL | 690
|
| 42 Mo molybdenum
|
| use | 617
|
| LNG | 617
|
| WEL | 600
|
| 43 Tc technetium
|
| use | 585.2
|
| LNG | 585.2
|
| WEL | 550
|
| 44 Ru ruthenium
|
| use | 591.6
|
| LNG | 591.6
|
| WEL | 580
|
| 45 Rh rhodium
|
| use | 494
|
| LNG | 494
|
| WEL | 495
|
| 46 Pd palladium
|
| use | 362
|
| LNG | 362
|
| WEL | 380
|
| 47 Ag silver
|
| use | 258
|
| LNG | 258
|
| WEL | 255
|
| 48 Cd cadmium
|
| use | 99.87
|
| CRC | 99.87
|
| LNG | 99.9
|
| WEL | 100
|
| 49 In indium
|
| use | 231.8
|
| LNG | 231.8
|
| WEL | 230
|
| 50 Sn tin
|
| use | (white) 296.1
|
| LNG | (white) 296.1
|
| WEL | 290
|
| 51 Sb antimony
|
| use | 193.43
|
| LNG | 193.43
|
| WEL | 68
|
| 52 Te tellurium
|
| use | 114.1
|
| CRC | 114.1
|
| LNG | 114.1
|
| WEL | 48
|
| 53 I iodine (I2)
|
| use | (I2) 41.57
|
| CRC | (I2) 41.57
|
| LNG | (I2) 41.6
|
| WEL | (per mole I atoms) 20.9
|
| 54 Xe xenon
|
| use | 12.64
|
| CRC | 12.57
|
| LNG | 12.64
|
| WEL | 12.64
|
| 55 Cs caesium
|
| use | 63.9
|
| LNG | 63.9
|
| WEL | 65
|
| 56 Ba barium
|
| use | 140.3
|
| CRC | 140
|
| LNG | 140.3
|
| WEL | 140
|
| 57 La lanthanum
|
| use | 402.1
|
| LNG | 402.1
|
| WEL | 400
|
| 58 Ce cerium
|
| use | 398
|
| LNG | 398
|
| WEL | 350
|
| 59 Pr praseodymium
|
| use | 331
|
| LNG | 331
|
| WEL | 330
|
| 60 Nd neodymium
|
| use | 289
|
| LNG | 289
|
| WEL | 285
|
| 61 Pm promethium
|
| use | 289
|
| LNG | 289
|
| WEL | 290
|
| 62 Sm samarium
|
| use | 165
|
| LNG | 165
|
| WEL | 175
|
| 63 Eu europium
|
| use | 176
|
| LNG | 176
|
| WEL | 175
|
| 64 Gd gadolinium
|
| use | 301.3
|
| LNG | 301.3
|
| WEL | 305
|
| 65 Tb terbium
|
| use | 293
|
| LNG | 293
|
| WEL | 295
|
| 66 Dy dysprosium
|
| use | 280
|
| LNG | 280
|
| WEL | 280
|
| 67 Ho holmium
|
| use | 265
|
| LNG | 71
|
| WEL | 265
|
| 68 Er erbium
|
| use | 280
|
| LNG | 280
|
| WEL | 285
|
| 69 Tm thulium
|
| use | 247
|
| LNG | 247
|
| WEL | 250
|
| 70 Yb ytterbium
|
| use | 159
|
| LNG | 159
|
| WEL | 160
|
| 71 Lu lutetium
|
| use | 414
|
| LNG | 414
|
| WEL | 415
|
| 72 Hf hafnium
|
| use | 571
|
| LNG | 571
|
| WEL | 630
|
| 73 Ta tantalum
|
| use | 732.8
|
| LNG | 732.8
|
| WEL | 735
|
| 74 W tungsten
|
| use | 806.7
|
| LNG | 806.7
|
| WEL | 800
|
| 75 Re rhenium
|
| use | 704
|
| LNG | 704
|
| WEL | 705
|
| 76 Os osmium
|
| use | 738
|
| LNG | 738
|
| WEL | 630
|
| 77 Ir iridium
|
| use | 231.8
|
| LNG | 231.8
|
| WEL | 560
|
| 78 Pt platinum
|
| use | 469
|
| LNG | 469
|
| WEL | 490
|
| 79 Au gold
|
| use | 324
|
| CRC | 324
|
| LNG | 324
|
| WEL | 330
|
| 80 Hg mercury
|
| use | 59.11
|
| CRC | 59.11
|
| LNG | 59.1
|
| WEL | 59.2
|
| 81 Tl thallium
|
| use | 165
|
| LNG | 165
|
| WEL | 165
|
| 82 Pb lead
|
| use | 179.5
|
| CRC | 179.5
|
| LNG | 179.5
|
| WEL | 178
|
| 83 Bi bismuth
|
| use | 151
|
| CRC | 151
|
| LNG | 151
|
| WEL | 160
|
| 84 Po polonium
|
| use | 102.91
|
| LNG | 102.91
|
| WEL | about 100
|
| 85 At astatine
|
| use | ca. 40
|
| WEL | about 40
|
| 86 Rn radon
|
| use | 18.10
|
| LNG | 18.10
|
| WEL | 17
|
| 87 Fr francium
|
| use | ca. 65
|
| WEL | about 65
|
| 88 Ra radium
|
| use | 113
|
| LNG | 113
|
| WEL | about 125
|
| 89 Ac actinium
|
| use | 400
|
| WEL | 400
|
| 90 Th thorium
|
| use | 514
|
| LNG | 514
|
| WEL | 530
|
| 91 Pa protactinium
|
| use | 481
|
| LNG | 481
|
| WEL | 470
|
| 92 U uranium
|
| use | 417.1
|
| LNG | 417.1
|
| WEL | 420
|
| 93 Np neptunium
|
| use | 336
|
| LNG | 336
|
| WEL | 335
|
| 94 Pu plutonium
|
| use | 333.5
|
| LNG | 333.5
|
| WEL | 325
|
Notes
- Values refer to the enthalpy change in the conversion of liquid to gas at the boiling point (normal, 101.325 kPa).
References
CRC
As quoted from various sources in an online version of:
- David R. Lide (ed.), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 6, Fluid Properties; Enthalpy of Vaporization
LNG
As quoted from various sources in:
- J.A. Dean (ed.), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 6, Thermodynamic Properties; Table 6.4, Heats of Fusion, Vaporization, and Sublimation and Specific Heat at Various Temperatures of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds
WEL
As quoted at http://www.webelements.com/ from these sources:
- G.W.C. Kaye and T. H. Laby in Tables of physical and chemical constants, Longman, London, UK, 15th edition, 1993.
- D.R. Lide, (ed.) in Chemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry and physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 79th edition, 1998.
- A.M. James and M.P. Lord in Macmillan's Chemical and Physical Data, Macmillan, London, UK, 1992.
- H. Ellis (ed.) in Nuffield Advanced Science Book of Data, Longman, London, UK, 1972.
|
