Haplogroup CR (Y-DNA)

In human genetics, Haplogroup CR (M168, M294) is a Y-chromosome haplogroup.

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Haplogroup CR contains the M168 change, which is present in all Y-chromosome haplogroups except A and B and is therefore the common ancestral type of all early migration out of Africa as per the Single origin hypothesis. The mutation is believed to have occurred 31 to 55 thousand years before present within North East Africa.^[1]

Subclades

The defining mutations separating CR (all haplogroups excepting A and B) are M168 and M294. These mutations predate the "Out of Africa" migration. The defining mutations of DE probably occurred in Northeastern Africa some 50,000 years ago. The M130 and M216 mutations that distinguish Haplogroup C from all other descendants of CR may have occurred somewhat later, perhaps even as early as 48,500 years ago, after the first Out of Africa migration brought Homo sapiens to the southern coast of Southwest Asia.^[2]

• Haplogroup CF (P143) Found outside of Africa, throughout Eurasia, Oceania, and the Americas
  • Haplogroup C (M130, M216) Found in eastern Eurasia, Oceania, Japan, and North America
    • Haplogroup C1 (M8, M105, M131) Found in Japan
    • Haplogroup C2 (M38) Found in New Guinea, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia
    • Haplogroup C3 (M217, P44) Found throughout Eurasia and North America, but especially among Mongols, Kazakhs, Tungusic peoples, Nivkhs, and Na-Dené-speaking peoples
    • Haplogroup C4 (M347) Found among the indigenous peoples in Australia
    • Haplogroup C5 (M356) Found in the Indian subcontinent
  • Haplogroup F (M89, M213) Found throughout Eurasia, Oceania, and the Americas
• Haplogroup DE (M1, M145, M203) ca. 50 ka
  • Haplogroup D (M174) Found in Tibet, Japan, the Andaman Islands
    • Haplogroup D1 (M15)
    • Haplogroup D2 (M55, M57, M64.1, M179, P12, P37.1, P41.1 (M359.1), 12f2.2)
    • Haplogroup D3 (P47)
  • Haplogroup E (M40, M96) Found in Africa, the Middle East, the Mediterranean
    • Haplogroup E1 (M33, M132)
    • Haplogroup E2 (M75)
    • Haplogroup E3 (P2, DYS391p)
      • Haplogroup E3a (M2) Found in Africa
      • Haplogroup E3b (M35) Found in East Africa (Ethiopians and Somalis), North Africa (especially Berbers and Egyptians), the Middle East, the Mediterranean (esp. Greeks, Albanians, and Italians)

References

1. ^ ISOGG
2. ^ Reddy, B. Mohan; B. T. Langstieh, Vikrant Kumar, T. Nagaraja, A. N. S. Reddy, Aruna Meka, A. G. Reddy, K. Thangaraj, Lalji Singh (2007-11-7). "Austro-Asiatic Tribes of Northeast India Provide Hitherto Missing Genetic Link between South and Southeast Asia". PLoS ONE 2 (11). PMID 17989774 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001141. Retrieved on 2007-12-28.