Graphene nanoribbons

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Graphene nanoribbons (also called nano-graphene ribbons), often abbreviated GNRs, are thin strips of graphene or unrolled single-walled carbon nanotubes. The graphene ribbons were originally introduced as a theoretical model by M. Fujita et.al. to examine the edge and nanoscale size effect in graphene. Their electronic states largely depend on the edge structures (armchair or zigzag). Zigzag edges provide the edge localized state with non-bonding molecular oribitals near the Fermi energy. They are expected to have large changes in optical and electronic properties from quantization. To first order, their bandgap should scale inversely with the width of the ribbon and also depend on the rotation of the hexagonal lattice with respect to the long edge of the ribbon. The first measurements of GNRs were made by the groups of Phillip Kim and Phaedon Avouris.