To use all functions of this page, please activate cookies in your browser.
my.chemeurope.com
With an accout for my.chemeurope.com you can always see everything at a glance – and you can configure your own website and individual newsletter.
- My watch list
- My saved searches
- My saved topics
- My newsletter
Gramine
Gramine (also called donaxine) is a naturally occurring indole alkaloid present in several plant species. Gramine may play a defensive role in these plants, since it is toxic to many organisms. Additional recommended knowledge
UsesGramine is used mostly in synthetic organic chemistry as a starting material for tryptophan syntheses. All reactions of gramine follow the same general reaction scheme. Gramine is reacted with a strong electrophile, such as methyl iodide, to form the quaternary ammonium salt 2. The ammonium salt will undergo a Hofmann elimination or retro-Michael addition to give the very active intermediate 3, which can accept a wide range of nucleophiles to give the desired product 4.
BiologyGramine has been found in the ArundoPhalaris plant species. , silver maple , Hordeum, andSynthesisDespite being widely available in several plant species, gramine is far easier to synthesize directly from indole via a Mannich reaction with dimethylamine and formaldehyde. References
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Gramine". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia. |