Galvanic series

The galvanic series (or electropotential series) determines the nobility of metals and semi-metals. When two metals are submerged in an electrolyte, while electrically connected, the less noble (base) will experience galvanic corrosion. The rate of corrosion is determined by the electrolyte and the difference in nobility. The difference can be measured as a difference in voltage potential. Galvanic reaction is the principle which batteries are based on.

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Galvanic series (nobler higher)

The following is the galvanic series for stagnant (that is, low oxygen content) seawater. The order may change in different environments.

• Graphite
• Palladium
• Platinum
• Gold
• Silver
• Titanium
• Stainless steel (316 passive)
• Stainless Steel (304 passive)
• Silicon bronze
• Stainless Steel (316 active)
• Monel 400
• Phosphor bronze
• Admiralty brass
• Cupronickel
• Molybdenum
• Red brass
• Brass plating
• Yellow brass
• Naval brass 464
• Uranium 8% Mo
• Niobium 1% Zr
• Tungsten
• Stainless Steel (304 active)
• Tantalum
• Chromium plating
• Nickel (passive)
• Copper
• Nickel (active)
• Cast iron
• Steel
• Lead
• Tin
• Indium
• Aluminum
• Uranium (pure)
• Cadmium
• Beryllium
• Zinc plating (see galvanization)
• Magnesium

See also

• Standard electrode potential and table