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Fumarate reductase

Fumarate reductase respiratory complex
Identifiers
Symbol	Fum_red_TM
Pfam	PF02967
InterPro	IPR004224
SCOP	1qla
OPM family	3
OPM protein	2bs3
Available PDB structures: 1qlaF:1-243 2bs3F:1-243 1qlbC:1-243 2bs4F:1-243

Fumarate reductase is the enzyme that converts fumarate to succinate, it is important in microbial metabolism as a means for anaerobic respiration.^[1]

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Succinate + acceptor <=> fumarate + reduced acceptor

In other words, fumarate reductase couples the reduction of fumarate to succinate to the oxidation of quinol to quinone, in a reaction opposite to that catalysed by the related complex II of the respiratory chain (succinate dehydrogenase)^[2].

Fumarate reductase complex includes three subunits. Subunit A contains the site of fumarate reduction and a covalently bound flavin adenine dinucleotide prosthetic group. Subunit B contains three iron-sulphur centres. The menaquinol-oxidizing subunit C consists of five membrane-spanning, primarily helical segments and binds two haem b molecules^[2].

References

^ Iverson TM, Luna-Chavez C, Cecchini G, Rees DC (1999). "Structure of the Escherichia coli fumarate reductase respiratory complex". Science 284 (5422): 1961-6. PMID 10373108.
^ ^a ^b Michel H, Lancaster CR, Kroger A, Auer M (1999). "Structure of fumarate reductase from Wolinella succinogenes at 2.2 A resolution". Nature 402 (6760): 377-385. PMID 10586875.

v • d • e Oxidoreductases: CH-CH oxidoreductases (EC 1.3)
1.3.1. NAD/NADP acceptor	Enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase/Enoyl ACP reductase - 7-Dehydrocholesterol reductase - Biliverdin reductase - 2,4 Dienoyl-CoA reductase
1.3.3. Oxygen acceptor	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase - Coproporphyrinogen III oxidase - Protoporphyrinogen oxidase -
1.3.5. Quinone	Succinate - coenzyme Q reductase
1.3.99. Other acceptors	Fumarate reductase - Butyryl CoA dehydrogenase - Acyl CoA dehydrogenase - 5-alpha reductase - Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase - Isovaleryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase