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Formic_acid_(data_page)

Formic acid (data page)

This page provides supplementary chemical data on formic acid.

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1 Material Safety Data Sheet
2 Structure and properties
3 Thermodynamic properties
4 Vapor pressure of liquid
5 Distillation data
6 Spectral data
7 Safety data
8 References

Material Safety Data Sheet

The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source such as SIRI, and follow its directions.

Structure and properties

Index of refraction, n_D

1.3714 at 20°C

Abbe number

Dielectric constant, ε_r

58.5 ε₀ at 16 °C
measured at 400 MHz

Bond strength

Bond length^[1]

C=O bond: 123 pm
C–OH bond: 136 pm

Bond angle

Magnetic susceptibility

Surface tension

37.67 dyn/cm at 20°C

Viscosity^[2]

2.2469 mPa·s	at 10°C
1.7844 mPa·s	at 20°C
1.2190 mPa·s	at 40°C
0.5492 mPa·s	at 100°C

Thermodynamic properties

Phase behavior
Triple point	281.40 K (8.25 °C), 2.2 kPa
Critical point^[3]	588 K (315 °C), 5.81 MPa
Std enthalpy change of fusion, Δ_fusH^o	+12.68 kJ/mol
Std entropy change of fusion, Δ_fusS^o	+45.05 J/(mol·K) at 8.25 °C
Std enthalpy change of vaporization, Δ_vapH^o	+23.1 kJ/mol
Std entropy change of vaporization, Δ_vapS^o	+61.8 J/(mol·K)
Solid properties
Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ_fH^o_solid	? kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy, S^o_solid	? J/(mol K)
Heat capacity, c_p	74.5 J/(mol K) at –22 °C 82.8 J/(mol K) at 0 °C
Liquid properties
Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ_fH^o_liquid	–425.5 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy, S^o_liquid	129.0 J/(mol K)
Enthalpy of combustion, Δ_cH^o	–254.6 kJ/mol
Heat capacity, c_p	101.3 J/(mol K) at 20°C-100°C
Gas properties
Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ_fH^o_gas	–362.6 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy, S^o_gas	251.0 J/(mol K)
Heat capacity, c_p	45.68 J/(mol K) at 25°C

Vapor pressure of liquid

P in mm Hg		1	10	40	100	400	760
T in °C		–20.0_(s)	2.1_(s)	24.0	43.8	80.3	100.6

Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 44th ed. The "(s)" notation indicates temperature of solid/vapor equilibrium. Otherwise the data is temperature of liquid/vapor equilibrium.

Distillation data

BP Temp. °C	% by mole water
Vapor-liquid Equilibrium for Formic acid/Water^[4] P = 760 mmHg
BP Temp. °C	liquid	vapor
102.3	4.05	2.45
104.6	15.5	10.2
105.9	21.8	16.2
107.1	32.1	27.9
107.6	40.9	40.2
107.6	41.1	40.5
107.6	46.4	48.2
107.1	52.2	56.7
106.0	63.2	71.8
104.2	74.0	83.6
102.9	82.9	91.7
101.8	90.0	95.1

Spectral data

UV-Vis
λ_max	? nm
Extinction coefficient, ε	?
IR
Major absorption bands	? cm⁻¹
NMR
Proton NMR
Carbon-13 NMR
Other NMR data
MS
Masses of main fragments

Safety data

Formic acid
EINECS number	200-579-1
Safety data
EU classification	Corrosive (C)
PEL	5 ppm (9 mg/m³)
IDLH	30 ppm
Autoignition temperature	520°C
Explosive limits	18–51%

References

^ Morrison, Robert Thornton and Boyd, Robert Neilson, Organic Chemistry, 2nd ed. Allyn and Bacon 1972, p 596
^ Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. pp 1669-1674
^ Thornton Schnabel, Marfa Cortada, Jadran Vrabec, Santiago Lago, Hans Hasse. Molecular Model for Formic Acid adusted to Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium. Insitut für Technische Thermodynamik und Thermische Verfahrenstechnik (Institute for Technical Thermodynamic and Thermal Process Engineering), Universität Stuttgart. Retrieved on 3 May 2007.
^ Binary Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data (Queriable database). Chemical Engineering Research Information Center. Retrieved on 6 May 2007.

Pure Component Properties. Chemical Information Research Information Center. Retrieved on 4 May 2007.

Except where noted otherwise, data relate to standard ambient temperature and pressure.

Disclaimer applies.

Category: Chemical data pages

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Formic_acid_(data_page)". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.