F. Albert Cotton

Frank Albert Cotton (April 9 1930 – February 20 2007) was the W.T. Doherty-Welch Foundation Chair and Distinguished Professor of Chemistry at Texas A&M University. He authored over 1600 scientific articles.^[1] Cotton was recognized for his research on the chemistry of the transition metals.

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Education

Frank Albert Cotton was born on April 9, 1930 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He attended local public schools before Drexel University and then Temple University.^[2] After earning his BA degree from Temple in 1951, Cotton pursued a Ph.D. thesis under the guidance of Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson at Harvard where he worked on metallocenes.^[3] He received his Ph.D in 1955.

Independent career

Following his graduation from Harvard, Cotton began teaching at MIT. In 1961, at thirty-one years of age, he became the youngest person to have received a full professorship at MIT.^[2] His worked emphasized both electronic structure and chemical synthesis. He pioneered the study of multiple bonding between transition metal atoms, starting with research on rhenium halides,^[4] and in 1964 identified the quadruple bond in the Re₂Cl₈^2- ion. His work soon focused on other metal-metal bonded species,^[5] elucidating the structure of chromium(II) acetate.

He was an early proponent of single crystal X-ray diffraction as a tool for elucidating the extensive chemistry of metal complexes. Through his studies on clusters, he demonstrated that many exhibited "fluxionality", whereby ligands interchange coordination sites on spectroscopically observable time-scales. He coined the term "hapticity" and the nomenclature that derives from it.

In 1972 Cotton moved to Texas A&M University as the Robert A. Welch Professor of Chemistry. The following year he was named the Doherty-Welch Distinguished Professor of Chemistry. He also served as the director of the university's Laboratory for Molecular Structure and Bonding.^[2][6]

Pedagogical influence

In addition to his research, Cotton taught inorganic chemistry. He authored Chemical Applications of Group Theory.^[7] This text introduced generations of chemists to the group theoretical analysis of bonding and spectroscopy.

Among college students, Cotton is perhaps best known as the coauthor of the textbook Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, now in its sixth English edition. Coauthored with his thesis advisor, Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson, the textbook is colloquially known as "Cotton and Wilkinson." The text surveys coordination chemistry, cluster chemistry, homogeneous catalysis, and organometallic chemistry.^[2][8]

Cotton served on various editorial boards of scientific journals, including those of the Journal of the American Chemical Society, Inorganic Chemistry, and Organometallics. He chaired the Division of Inorganic Chemistry of the ACS and was an ACS Councillor for five years. He served on the U.S. National Science Board (1986-1998), which oversees the National Science Foundation, and the Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee of Argonne National Laboratory, and the National Research Laboratory Commission of Texas.

Cotton supervised the thesis research of 116 doctoral students as well as hundreds of postdoctoral coworkers.^[6]

Recognition

Among the awards Cotton received included the U.S. National Medal of Science, the Wolf Prize, and the Priestley Medal, the American Chemical Society's highest recognition.^[6]

In 1995, the Department of Chemistry at Texas A&M along with the local section of the American Chemical Society, inaugurated the annual F.A. Cotton Medal for excellence in chemical research. A second award named in his honor, the F. Albert Cotton Award for Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry, is presented at the National Meeting of the American Chemical Society each year.^[6]

Cotton was a member of the National Academy of Sciences in the United States,and the corresponding academies in Russia, China, the United Kingdom, France, and Denmark, as well as the American Philosophical Society. He had received twenty-nine honorary doctorates.^[6]

Run for ACS presidency

Cotton caused a controversy in his 1985 run for the presidency of the American Chemical Society, wherein he mailed a letter to members describing his opponent as “a mediocre industrial chemist” [Ref. 1]. Cotton ultimately lost the bid to his opponent Dr. Ellis Fields of Amoco Chemical.

Death

Cotton died on February 20, 2007 in College Station, Texas from complications of a head injury he suffered in a fall in October 2006.^[9] He was survived by his wife, the former Diane Dornacher, whom he married in 1959, and their two daughters, Jennifer and Jane.^[2] The Brazos County Sheriff's Department opened an investigation into his death, ruling his passing "suspicious".^[10]

References

Ref. 1. Candid Science: Conversations with Famous Chemists. By István Hargittai, 2000, pp 241–242.