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ElectrosynthesisElectrosynthesis in organic chemistry is the synthesis of chemical compounds in a electrochemical cell [1] [2] The main advantage of electrosynthesis over an ordinary redox reaction is avoidance of the potential wasteful other half-reaction and the ability to precisely tune the required potential. Electrosynthesis is actively studied as a science and also has many industrial applications. Additional recommended knowledge
Experimental setupThe basic setup in electrosynthesis is a galvanic cell, a potentiostat and two electrodes. The reaction solvent usually is methanol, acetonitrile or dichloromethane. An electrolyte is added often lithium perchlorate or tetrabutylammonium acetate. The electrode can be platinum, carbon rod, magnesium, mercury (as a liquid pool in the reactor), stainless steel or reticulated vitreous carbon. In many reactions a sacrificial electrode is used which is consumed during the reaction like zinc or lead. The two basic cell types are undivided cell or divided cell type (connected through a semiporous membrame). Electrosynthesis is carried out with constant potential or constant current. ReactionsOrganic oxidations take place at the anode with initial formation of radical cations as reactive intermediates. Compounds are reduced at the cathode to radical anions. The initial reaction takes place at the surface of the electrode and then the intermediates diffuse into the solution where they participate in secondary reactions. Anionic oxidations
Cathodic reductions
and the reduction of 2-methoxy naphtalene: References
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Electrosynthesis". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia. |