Electron affinity (data page)
Additional recommended knowledge
Elements
Element | Electron affinity (kJ/mol) | References
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Hydrogen | 72.77 | Pekeris (1962). Lykke, Murray & Lineberger (1991).
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Lithium | 59.62 | Hotop & Lineberger (1985). Dellwo et al. (1992). Haeffler et al. (1996a).
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Boron | 26.99 | Scheer, Bilodeau & Haugen (1998).
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Carbon | 121.78 | Scheer et al. (1998a).
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Oxygen | 141.004 | Hotop & Lineberger (1985). Blondel (1995). Valli, Blondel & Delsart (1999).
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Fluorine | 328.165 | Blondel et al. (1989). Blondel, Delsart & Goldfarb (2001).
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Sodium | 52.87 | Hotop & Lineberger (1985)
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Aluminium | 41.86 | Scheer et al. (1998b)
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Silicon | 134.07 | Scheer et al. (1998a). Blondel, Delsart & Goldfarb (2001).
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Phosphorus | 72.03 | Hotop & Lineberger (1985).
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Sulfur | 200.410 | Blondel (1995).
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Chlorine | 349 | Moore (1970).
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Potassium | 48.38 | Slater et al. (1978). Andersson et al. (2000).
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Calcium | 2.37 | Petrunin et al. (1996).
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Scandium | 18(2) | Feigerle, Herman & Lineberger (1981).
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Titanium | 8.4(7) | Ilin, Sakharov & Serenkov (1987).
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Vanadium | 51 | Hotop & Lineberger (1985).
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Chromium | 65.2 | Bilodeau, Scheer & Haugen (1998).
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Iron | 14.6(3) | Leopold & Lineberger (1986).
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Cobalt | 64.0 | Scheer et al. (1998c).
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Nickel | 111.6 | Scheer et al. (1998c).
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Copper | 119.24 | Bilodeau, Scheer & Haugen (1998).
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Gallium | 41(3) | Williams et al. (1998a).
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Germanium | 118.94 | Scheer et al. (1998a).
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Arsenic | 78.5(7) | Lippa et al. (1998).
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Selenium | 194.97 | Hotop & Lineberger (1985). Mansour et al. (1988).
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Bromine | 342.54 | Blondel et al. (1989).
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Rubidium | 46.89 | Frey, Breyer & Hotop (1978).
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Strontium | 5.02 | Andersen et al. (1997).
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Yttrium | 30 | Feigerle, Herman & Lineberger (1981).
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Zirconium | 41 | Hotop & Lineberger (1985).
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Niobium | 86(2) | Hotop & Lineberger (1985).
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Molybdenum | 72.3 | Bilodeau, Scheer & Haugen (1998).
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Ruthenium | 101.0 | Norquist et al. (1999).
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Rhodium | 110.3 | Scheer et al. (1998c).
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Palladium | 54.24 | Scheer et al. (1998c).
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Silver | 125.86 | Biladeau, Scheer & Haugen (1998).
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Indium | 39 | Williams et al. (1998b).
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Tin | 107.30 | Scheer et al. (1998a).
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Antimony | 101.06 | Scheer, Haugen & Beck (1997).
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Tellurium | 190.16 | Hotop & Lineberger (1985). Haeffler et al. (1996b).
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Iodine | 295 | Moore (1970).
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Caesium | 45.51 | Slater et al. (1978). Scheer et al. (1998d).
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Barium | 13.95 | Petrunin et al. (1995).
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Lanthanum | 45(2) | Covington et al. (1998).
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Cerium | 92(2) | Davis & Thompson (2002a).
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Thulium | 99(2) | Davis & Thompson (2002b).
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Lutetium | 33 | Davis & Thompson (2001).
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Tantalum | 31 | Hotop & Lineberger (1985).
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Tungsten | 79 | Hotop & Lineberger (1985). Bengali et al. (1992).
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Osmium | 104.0 | Biladeau & Haugen (2000).
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Iridium | 150.9 | Biladeau et al. (1999).
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Platinum | 205.04 | Biladeau et al. (1999).
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Gold | 222.75 | Hotop & Lineberger (1985).
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Thallium | 36 | Carpenter, Covington & Thompson (2000).
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Lead | 35 | Hotop & Lineberger (1985).
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Bismuth | 90.92 | Biladeau & Haugen (2001).
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Molecules
References
Many of the links to the full text of articles (linked from article titles) require subscription to the journal or payment. The links to abstracts are usually free of charge.
- Andersen, H.H.; Petrunin, V.V.; Kristensen, P.; Andersen, T. (1997). "Structural properties of the negative strontium ion: Binding energy and fine-structure splitting". Phys. Rev. A 55:3247–49. [Abstract]
- Andersson, K.T.; Sandstrom, J.; Kiyan, I.Y.; Hanstorp, D.; Pegg, D.J. (2000). "Measurement of the electron affinity of potassium". Phys. Rev. A 62:022503. [Abstract]
- Bengali, A.A.; Casey, S.M.; Cheng, C.-L.; Dick, J.P.; Fenn, T.; Villaalta, P.W.; Leopold, D.G. (1992). "Negative Ion Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Coordinatively Unsaturated Group VI Metal Carbonyls: Cr(CO)3, Mo(CO)3, and W(CO)3". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 114:5257–68. [Abstract]
- Bilodeau, R.C.; Haugen, H.K. (2000). "Experimental studies of Os−: Observation of a bound-bound electric dipole transition in an atomic negative ion". Phys. Rev. Lett. 85:534–37. [Abstract]
- Bilodeau, R.C.; Haugen, H.K. (2001). "Electron affinity of Bi using infrared laser photodetachment threshold spectroscopy". Phys. Rev. A 64:024501. [Abstract]
- Bilodeau, R.C.; Scheer, M.; Haugen, H.K. (1998). "Infrared Laser Photodetachment of Transition Metal Negative Ions: Studies on Cr−, Mo−, Cu−, and Ag−". J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 31:3885–91.
- Bilodeau, R.C.; Scheer, M.; Haugen, H.K.; Brooks, R.L. (1999). "Near-threshold Laser Spectroscopy of Iridium and Platinum Negative Ions: Electron Affinities and the Threshold Law". Phys. Rev. A 61:012505. [Abstract]
- Blondel, C. (1995). "Recent experimental achievements with negative ions". Phys. Scr. T58:31.
- Blondel, C.; Delsart, C.; Goldfarb, F. (2001). "Electron spectrometry at the μeV level and the electron affinities of Si and F". J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 34:L281–88.
- Blondel, C.; Cacciani, P.; Delsart, C.; Trainham, R. (1989). "High Resolution Determination of the Electron Affinity of Fluorine and Bromine using Crossed Ion and Laser Beams". Phys. Rev. A 40:3698–3701. [Abstract]
- Carpenter, D.L.; Covington, A.M.; Thompson J.S. (2000). "Laser Photodetachment Electron Spectroscopy of Tl−". Phys. Rev. A 61:042501. [Abstract]
- Covington, A.M.; Calabrese, D.; Thompson, J.S.; Kvale, T.J. (1998). "Measurement of the electron affinity of lanthanum", J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 31:L855–60.
- CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (62nd Edn. (1981); Weast, Robert C. (ed)). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. "Section E, General Physical Constants; Electron Affinities".
- Davis, V.T.; Thompson, J.S. (2001). "Measurement of the electron affinity of lutetium". J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 34:L433–37.
- Davis, V.T.; Thompson, J.S. (2002a). "Measurement of the electron affinity of cerium". Phys. Rev. Lett. 88:073003. [Abstract]
- Davis, V.T.; Thompson, J.S. (2002b). "Measurement of the electron affinity of thulium". Phys. Rev. A 65:010501. [Abstract]
- Dellwo, J.; Liu, Y.; Pegg, D.J.; Alton, G.D. (1992). "Near-Threshold Photodetachment of the Li− Ion". Phys. Rev. A 45:1544–47. [Abstract]
- Feigerle, C.S.; Herman, Z.; Lineberger, W.C. (1981). "Laser Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Sc- and Y-: A Determination of the Order of Electron Filling in Transition Metal Anions". J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 23:441–50. [Abstract]
- Frey, P.; Breyer, F.; Hotop, H. (1978). "High Resolutions Photodetachment from the Rubidium Negative Ion around the Rb(5p½) Threshold". J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 11:L589–94. [Abstract]
- Haeffler, G.; Hanstorp, G.; Kiyan, I.; Klinkmüller, A.E.; Ljungblad, U.; Pegg, D.J. (1996a). "Electron affinity of Li: A state-selective measurement". Phys. Rev. A 53:4127–31. [Abstract]
- Haeffler, G.; Klinkmüller, A.E.; Rangell, J.; Berzinsh, U.; Hanstorp, D. (1996b). "The Electron Affinity of Tellurium". Z. Phys. D 38:211.
- Hotop, H.; Lineberger, W.C. (1985). "Binding energies in atomic negative ions. II". J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 14:731.
- Ilin, R.N.; Sakharov, V.I.; Serenkov, I.T. (1987). "Study of Titanium Negative Ion Using Method of Electron Detachment by an Electric Field". Opt. Spectros. (USSR) 62:578.
- Janousek, B. K.; Brauman, J. I. (1979). in Gas Phase Ion Chemistry (Bowers, M. T. (Ed.)), Vol. 2. New York: Academic Press. p. 53.
- Leopold, D.G.; Lineberger, W.C. (1986). "A study of the low-lying electronic states of Fe2 and Co2 by negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy". J. Chem. Phys. 85:51–55. [Abstract]
- Lippa, T.P.; Xu, S.J.; Lyapustina, S.A.; Nilles, J.M.; Bowen, K.H. (1998) "Photoelectron spectroscopy of As−, As2−, As3−, As4−, and As5−". J. Chem. Phys. 109:10727–31. [Abstract]
- Lykke, K.R.; Murray, K.K.; Lineberger, W.C. (1991). "Threshold Photodetachment of H−". Phys. Rev. A 43:6104–7. [Abstract]
- Mansour, N.B.; Edge, C.J.; Larson, D.J. (1988). "Laser Photodetachment Spectroscopy of Se− and S−". Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 31:313–16. [Abstract]
- Moore, C.E. (1970). National Standard Reference Data Series 34, Washington: National Bureau of Standards, U.S. Government Printing Office.
- Norquist, P.L.; Beck, D.R.; Bilodeau, R.C.; Scheer, M.; Srawley, R.A.; Haugen, H.K. (1999). "Theoretical and experimental binding energies for the d7s2 4F levels in Ru−, including calculated hyperfine structure and M1 decay rates". Phys. Rev. A 59:1896–1902. [Abstract]
- Pekeris, C.L. (1962). "1 1S, 2 1S, and 2 3S States of H−". Phys. Rev. 126:1470–76. [Abstract]
- Petrunin, V.V.; Volstad, J.D.; Balling, P.; Kristensen, K.; Andersen, T. (1995). "Resonant Ionization Spectroscopy of Ba−: Metastable and Stable Ions". Phys. Rev. Lett. 75:1911–14. [Abstract]
- Petrunin, V.V.; Andersen, H.H.; Balling, P.; Andersen, T. (1996). "Structural Properties of the Negative Calcium Ion: Binding Energies and Fine-structure Splitting". Phys. Rev. Lett. 76:744–47. [Abstract]
- Scheer, M.; Bilodeau, R.C.; Haugen, H.K. (1998). "Negative ion of boron: An experimental study of the 3P ground state". Phys. Rev. Lett. 80:2562–65.
- Scheer, M.; Haugen, H.K.; Beck, D.R. (1997). "Single- and Multiphoton Infrared Laser Spectroscopy of Sb−: A Case Study". Phys. Rev. Lett. 79:4104–7. [Abstract]
- Scheer, M.; Bilodeau, R.C.; Brodie, C.A.; Haugen, H.K. (1998a). "Systematic study of the stable states of C−, Si−, Ge−, and Sn− via infrared laser spectroscopy". Phys. Rev. A 58:2844–56. [Abstract]
- Scheer, M.; Bilodeau, RC; Thogresen, J.; Haugen, HK (1998b). "Threshold Photodetachment of Al−: Electron Affinity and Fine Structure". Phys. Rev. A 57:R1493–96. [Abstract]
- Scheer, M.; Brodie, C.A.; Bilodeau, R.C.; Haugen, H.K. (1998c). "Laser spectroscopic measurements of binding energies and fine-structure splittings of Co−, Ni−, Rh−, and Pd−". Phys. Rev. A 58:2051–62. [Abstract]
- Scheer, M.; Thøgersen, J.; Bilodeau, R.C.; Brodie, C.A.; Haugen, H.K. (1998d). "Experimental Evidence that the 6s6p 3PJ States of Cs− are Shape Resonances". Phys. Rev. Lett. 80:684–87. [Abstract]
- Slater, J.; Read, F.H.; Novick, S.E.; Lineberger, W.C. (1978). "Alkali Negative Ions. III. Multichannel Photodetachment of Cs− and K−". Phys. Rev. A 17:201–13. [Abstract]
- Valli, C.; Blondel, C.; Delsart, C. (1999). "Measuring electron affinities with the photodetachment microscope". Phys. Rev. A 59:3809–15. [Abstract]
- Williams, W.W.; Carpenter, D.L.; Covington, A.M.; Koepnick, M.C.; Calabrese, D.; Thompson, J.S. (1998a). "Laser photodetachment electron spectrometry of Ga−". J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 31:L341–45. [Abstract]
- Williams, W.W.; Carpenter, D.L.; Covington, A.M.; Thompson, J.S.; Kvale, T.J.; Seely, D.G. (1998b). "Fine-Structure-Resolved Laser Photodetachment Electron Spectroscopy of In−". Phys. Rev. A 58:3582–84. [Abstract]
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