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Dolichol
Dolichol refers to any of a group of long-chain mostly unsaturated organic compounds which are made up of varying numbers of isoprene units terminating in an α-saturated isoprenoid group, containing an alcohol functional group. Additional recommended knowledge
FunctionsDolichols are adducted to proteins during posttranslational modification. They activate and anchor sugar molecules on cellular membranes. In addition, they play a role in protein N-glycosylation in the form of dolichol pyrophosphate by carrying the preassembled oligosaccharide Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2 (where Glc is glucose, Man is mannose, and GlcNAc is N-acetylglucosamine) which is transferred to certain asparagine residues of nascent polypeptide chains. Dolichol is also involved in transfer of the monosaccharides to the forming Glc3-Man9-GlcNAc2-Dolichol carrier. Role in agingDolichol accumulates in tissues over time and has been suggested to be used as a biomarker for aging [1] SynthesisIt is a product of the HMG-CoA reductase pathway, as characteristic for all terpenes produced via the mevalonate pathway. First, a cis(or Z)-prenyltransferase catalyzes condensation of Farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) with a varying number (dependent on the particular cis-prenyltransferase) of ispentyl diphoshate (IPP) molecules, resulting in polyprenyl diphosphate (also known as dehydrodolichyl diphoshate). This subsequently undergoes loss of both phosphate groups resulting in a polyprenol (dehydrodolichol). Last, the α isoprenoid unit is saturated by α-saturase (still a hypothetical enzyme), and this α-saturated polyprenyl alcohol is Dolichol. [2] References |
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Dolichol". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia. |