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Dehydration reactionIn chemistry, a dehydration reaction is usually defined as a chemical reaction that involves the loss of water from the reacting molecule. Dehydration reactions are a subset of elimination reactions. Because the hydroxyl group (-OH) is a poor leaving group, having an Brønsted acid catalyst often helps by protonating the hydroxyl group to give the better leaving group, -OH2+. Additional recommended knowledgeIn organic synthesis, there are many examples of dehydration reactions:
Some dehydration reactions can be mechanistically complex, for instance the reaction of a sugar with concentrated sulphuric acid (experiment with video) to form carbon involves formation of carbon carbon bonds.[1]
The reaction is driven by the strongly exothermic reaction sulfuric acid has with water. (Beware that this reaction produces dangerous sulfuric-acid containing steam, and should only be performed in a fume-hood or well ventilated area.) Common dehydrating agents; concentrated sulfuric acid, concentrated phosphoric acid, hot aluminium oxide, hot ceramic. See alsoReferences
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Dehydration_reaction". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia. |