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Coenzyme A

Coenzyme A


Identifiers
CAS number	85-61-0
PubChem	317
MeSH	Coenzyme+A
SMILES	CC(C)(COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OCC1C (C(C(O1)N2C=NC3=C2N=CN=C3N)O) OP(=O)(O)O)C(C(=O)NCCC(=O)NCCS)O
Properties
Molecular formula	C₂₁H₃₆N₇O₁₆P₃S
Molar mass	767.535
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Coenzyme A (CoA, CoASH, or HSCoA) is a coenzyme, notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle. It is adapted from cysteamine, pantothenate, and adenosine triphosphate.

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1 Biosynthesis
2 Function
3 List of coenzyme A activated acyl groups
4 Additional images
5 References

Biosynthesis

Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process from pantothenate:

Pantothenate is phosphorylated to 4'-phosphopantothenate by the enzyme pantothenate kinase
A cysteine is added to 4'-phosphopantothenate by the enzyme phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase to form 4'-phospho-N-pantothenoylcysteine (PPC)
PPC is decarboxylated to 4'-phosphopantetheine by phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase
4'-phosphopantetheine is adenylylated to form dephospho-CoA by the enzyme phosphopantetheine adenylyl transerase
Finally, dephospho-CoA is phosphorylated using ATP to coenzyme A by the enzyme dephosphocoenzyme A kinase.

Function

Since coenzyme A is chemically a thiol, it can react with carboxylic acids to form thioesters, thus functioning as an acyl group carrier. It assists in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. A molecule of coenzyme A carrying an acetyl group is also referred to as acetyl-CoA. When it is not attached to an acyl group it is usually referred to as 'CoASH' or 'HSCoA'.

List of coenzyme A activated acyl groups

Acetyl-CoA
Propionyl-CoA
Acetoacetyl-CoA
Coumaroyl-CoA (used in flavonoid and stilbenoid biosynthesis)
Acyl derived from dicarboxylic acids
- Malonyl-CoA
- Succinyl-CoA
- Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (used in isoprenoid biosynthesis)
- Pimelyl-CoA (used in biotin biosynthesis)

Butyryl CoA

Additional images

References

Karl Miller (1998). Beta Oxidation of Fatty Acids. Retrieved May 18, 2005.
Charles Ophard (2003). Acetyl-CoA Crossroads. Retrieved May 18, 2005.
Lehninger: Principles of Biochemistry, 4th edition, David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox
http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/621fattyacidrx.html

v • d • e Types of enzyme cofactors
Coenzymes	NAD⁺ - NADP⁺ - Coenzyme A - Tetrahydrofolic acid - Menaquinone - Ascorbic acid - Coenzyme F420 - Adenosine triphosphate - S-Adenosyl methionine - 3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate - Coenzyme Q - Tetrahydrobiopterin - Cytidine triphosphate - Glutathione - Coenzyme M - Coenzyme B - Methanofuran - Tetrahydromethanopterin
Prosthetic groups: Organic group	Flavin mononucleotide - Flavin adenine dinucleotide - Pyrroloquinoline quinone - Pyridoxal phosphate - Biotin - Methylcobalamin - Cobamamide - Thiamine pyrophosphate - Heme - Molybdopterin - Lipoic acid
Prosthetic groups: Metals	Calcium - Copper - Iron - Magnesium - Manganese - Nickel - Zinc

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Categories: Coenzymes | Metabolism | Thiols

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Coenzyme_A". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.