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Click chemistryClick chemistry is a chemical philosophy introduced by K. Barry Sharpless in 2001 [1] [2] and describes chemistry tailored to generate substances quickly and reliably by joining small units together. This is inspired by the fact that nature also generates substances by joining small modular units. Additional recommended knowledgeExplanationIn biochemistry, proteins are made from repeating amino acid units and sugars are made from repeating monosaccharide units. The connecting units are based on carbon - hetero atom bonds C-X-C rather than carbon - carbon bonds. In addition, enzymes ensure that chemical processes can overcome large enthalpy hurdles by division into a series of reactions each with a small energy step. Mimicking nature in organic synthesis of new pharmaceuticals is essential given the large number of possible structures. In 1996 Guida calculated the size of the pool of drug candidates at 1063, based on the presumption that a candidate consists of less than 30 non-hydrogen atoms, weighs less than 500 daltons, is made up of atoms of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine and bromine, and is stable at room temperature and stable towards oxygen and water [3]. Click chemistry in combination with combinatorial chemistry, high-throughput screening and building chemical libraries speeds up new drug discoveries by making each reaction in a multistep synthesis fast, efficient and predictable. Click chemistry encourages the following criteria:
Many of the criteria are subjective; and even if measurable and objective criteria could be agreed upon, it's unlikely that any reaction will be perfect for every situation and application. However, several reactions have been identified which fit the bill better than others:
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This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Click_chemistry". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia. |