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Chloramine-T



Chloramine-T
IUPAC name N-chloro 4-methylbenzenesulfonamide, sodium salt
Other names N-chloro para-toluenesulfonylamide,
sodium chloro[(4-methyl phenyl)sulfonyl]azanide, chloramine-T
Identifiers
CAS number 127-65-1
Properties
Molecular formula C7H7ClNO2S·Na (3H2O)
Molar mass 227.64
Appearance white powder
Density 1.4 g/cm³
Melting point

releases chlorine at 130 °C
solid melts at 167–169 °C

Solubility in water 15% in water (25 °C)
7.5% in rectified spirit (20 °C)
insoluble in benzene and ethers
Hazards
Main hazards Corrosive
R-phrases 22-31-34-42
S-phrases (1/2-)-7-22-26-36/37/39-45
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 °C, 100 kPa)

Infobox disclaimer and references

N-chloro tosylamide sodium salt, sold as chloramine-T, is a N-chlorinated and N-deprotonated sulfonamide used as a biocide and a mild disinfectant. It is a white powder that gives unstable solutions with water.

Chemistry

As a N-chloro compound, it contains active (electrophilic) chlorine and can be compared to the O-chlorinated sodium hypochlorite. Chloramine-T is nearly neutral (pH typically 8.5). In water, it breaks down to the disinfectant hypochlorite. It can be used as a source of electrophilic chlorine in organic synthesis.

The sulfur adjacent to the nitrogen can stabilize a nitrogen anion (R2N), so that the N-chloro sulfonyamide moiety can be deprotonated at nitrogen even with only sodium hydroxide.

Use as a biocide

Chloramine-T is used for disinfection and as an algicide, bactericide, germicide, for parasite control, and for drinking water disinfection. The molecular structure of toluenesulfonylamide is similar to para-aminobenzoic acid, an intermediate in bacterial metabolism, which is disrupted by this sulfonamide (in the same way as by a sulfa drug). Therefore, chloramine-T is capable of inhibiting with bacterial growth with two mechanisms, with the phenylsulfonamide moiety and the electrophilic chlorine.

 
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Chloramine-T". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.
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