Carbon in pulp

Carbon in Pulp (CIP) is a technique for recovery of gold which has been liberated into a cyanide solution as part of the gold cyanidation process, a gold extraction technique.

Introduced in 1985, Carbon in Pulp is regarded as a simple and cheap process. As such it is used in most industrial applications where the presence of competing silver or copper does not prohibit its use.

Activated carbon acts like a sponge to aurocyanide and other complex ions in solution. Hard carbon particles (much larger than the ore particle sizes) can be mixed with the ore and cyanide solution mixture. The gold cyanide complex is adsorbed onto the carbon until it comes to an equilibrium with the gold in solution. Because the carbon particles are much larger than the ore particles, the coarse carbon can then be separated from the slurry by screening using a wire mesh.

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Loading gold into carbon

Leached pulp and carbon are transferred in a counter current flow arrangement between a series of tanks, usually numbering 4 to 6. In the final tank, fresh or barren carbon is put in contact with low grade or tailings solution. At this tank the fresh carbon has a high activity and can remove trace amounts of gold (to levels below 0.01 mg/L Au in solution).

As it moves up the train, the carbon loads to higher and higher concentrations of gold, as it comes in contact with higher grade solutions. Typically concentrations as high as 4000 to 8000 grams of gold per tonne of carbon (g/t Au) can be achieved on the final loaded carbon, as it comes in contact with freshly leached ore and pregnant leach solution (PLS). This can be measured by comparing the amount of gold extracted from the carbon to the amount of carbon used.

Removal of gold from carbon

The final loaded carbon then is removed and washed before undergoing "elution" or desorption of gold at high cyanide temperature and pH. Ethanol can also be used to desorb gold from activated carbon, but safety concerns have slowed its acceptance in the gold extraction industry.

Electrowinning

The rich eluate solution that emerges from the elution process is passed through electrowinning cells where gold and other metals are precipitated onto the cathodes. Smelting of the cathodes material further refines the gold and produces gold ingots suitable for transport a refinery. For further information on gold smelting, see the article on gold extraction.

See also

Other gold cyanidation techniques:

• Merrill-Crowe process
• Electrowinning
• Resin in Pulp