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21-Hydroxylase




Cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily A, polypeptide 2
Identifiers
Symbol(s) CYP21A2; CPS1; CA21H; CAH1; CYP21; CYP21B; MGC150536; MGC150537; P450c21B
External IDs OMIM: 201910 MGI: 88591 Homologene: 68063
RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs
Human Mouse
Entrez 1589 13079
Ensembl ENSG00000168482 ENSMUSG00000024365
Uniprot P08686 A0JP50
Refseq NM_000500 (mRNA)
NP_000491 (protein) 		NM_009995 (mRNA)
NP_034125 (protein)
Location Chr c6_COX: 32.1 - 32.1 Mb Chr 17: 34.41 - 34.41 Mb
Pubmed search [1] [2]

Steroid 21-hydroxylase (or steroid 21-monooxygenase or 21α-Hydroxylase; EC 1.14.99.10) is a cytochrome P450 enzyme which is involved with the biosynthesis of the steroid hormones aldosterone and cortisol.

The CAS number is 9029-68-9.

21-Hydroxylase is encoded by the gene CYP21B.

Contents

Reaction

It catalyses the hydroxylation of the carbon atom 21 in steroids (adding an "–OH"), which is necessary with the formation of these hormones.

Pathway

 
 

Clinical significance

A defect within the CYP21B gene causes a disturbance of the development of the enzyme, which leads to congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. A related pseudogene is located near this gene; gene conversion events involving the functional gene and the pseudogene are thought account for many cases of steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency.[1]

References

  1. ^ Entrez Gene: CYP21A2 cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily A, polypeptide 2.

Further reading

  • White PC, Tusie-Luna MT, New MI, Speiser PW (1994). "Mutations in steroid 21-hydroxylase (CYP21).". Hum. Mutat. 3 (4): 373-8. doi:10.1002/humu.1380030408. PMID 8081391.
  • Helmberg A (1993). "Twin genes and endocrine disease: CYP21 and CYP11B genes.". Acta Endocrinol. 129 (2): 97-108. PMID 8372604.
  • de-Araujo M, Sanches MR, Suzuki LA, et al. (1996). "Molecular analysis of CYP21 and C4 genes in Brazilian families with the classical form of steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency.". Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 29 (1): 1-13. PMID 8731325.
  • Yu CY (1999). "Molecular genetics of the human MHC complement gene cluster.". Exp. Clin. Immunogenet. 15 (4): 213-30. PMID 10072631.
  • Forest MG, Tardy V, Nicolino M, et al. (2005). "21-Hydroxylase deficiency: an exemplary model of the contribution of molecular biology in the understanding and management of the disease.". Ann. Endocrinol. (Paris) 66 (3): 225-32. PMID 15988383.
v • d • e
Oxidoreductases: dioxygenases, including steroid hydroxylases (EC 1.14)
1.14.11 - 2-oxoglutarateProlyl hydroxylase - Lysyl hydroxylase
1.14.13 - NADH or NADPHFlavin-containing monooxygenase - Nitric oxide synthase - Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase - Methane monooxygenase - 3A4 -51A1
1.14.14 - reduced flavin or flavoprotein19A1 - 2D6 - 2E1
1.14.15 - reduced iron-sulfur protein11B1 - 11B2 - 11A1
1.14.16 - reduced pteridinePhenylalanine hydroxylase - Tyrosine hydroxylase - Tryptophan hydroxylase
1.14.17 - reduced ascorbateDopamine beta hydroxylase
1.14.18-19 - otherTyrosinase - Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1
1.14.99 - miscellaneousCyclooxygenase - Heme oxygenase (HMOX1) - Squalene monooxygenase - 17A1 - 21A2
v • d • e
Cytochrome P450, oxygenases: steroid hydroxylases (EC 1.14)
Side-chain cleavage - 21-hydroxylase - 18-hydroxylase - 11-beta-hydroxylase

17-alpha-hydroxylase - Aromatase

CYP27A1
v • d • e
Cytochromes, oxygenases: cytochrome P450 (EC 1.14)
CYP1A1, A2, B1
CYP2A6, A7, A13, B6, C8, C9, C18, C19, D6, E1, F1, J2, R1, S1, U1, W1
CYP3A4, A5, A7, A43
CYP4A11, A22, B1, F2, F3, F8, F11, F12, F22, V2, X1, Z1
CYP5-20CYP5 (A1) - CYP7 (A1, B1) - CYP8 (A1, B1) - CYP11 (A1, B1, B2) - CYP17 (A1) - CYP19 (A1) - CYP20 (A1)
CYP21-51CYP21 (A2) - CYP24 (A1) - CYP26 (A1, B1, C1) - CYP27 (A1, B1, C1) - CYP39 (A1) - CYP46 (A1) - CYP51 (A1)
 
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "21-Hydroxylase". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.
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